general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode

Status: upstream: reported C repro on 2026/10/21 13:51
Bug presence: origin:lts-only
[Documentation on labels]
Reported-by: syzbot+d597443d9fd31c6efbbf@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
First crash: 13d, last: 1h38m
▶ ▼ Bug presence (2)
Date Name Commit Repro Result
2026/10/24 linux-6.6.y (ToT) 0aebf2870d53 C [report] general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/24 upstream (ToT) 5b0764a53235 C Didn't crash
▶ ▼ Similar bugs (1)
Kernel Title Rank 🛈 Repro Cause bisect Fix bisect Count Last Reported Patched Status
linux-6.1 BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request in __percpu_ref_switch_mode origin:lts-only 8 syz, C 7 38d 55d 0/3 upstream: reported C repro on 2026/09/10 01:04

Sample crash report:
general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000002: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN
KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000010-0x0000000000000017]
CPU: 1 PID: 6000 Comm: syz.0.17 Not tainted syzkaller #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/07/2026
RIP: 0010:__percpu_ref_switch_mode+0x123/0x5f0 lib/percpu-refcount.c:277
Code: 31 ff 89 c6 e8 6e 7a 59 fd 45 85 ff 0f 84 5a 04 00 00 e8 b0 76 59 fd eb 05 e8 a9 76 59 fd 4d 8d 74 24 10 4d 89 f5 49 c1 ed 03 <41> 80 7c 1d 00 00 74 08 4c 89 f7 e8 3d 7f b2 fd 49 83 3e 00 0f 84
RSP: 0018:ffffc900033878e0 EFLAGS: 00010002
RAX: ffffffff842e67f0 RBX: dffffc0000000000 RCX: ffff88807b563c00
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000000
RBP: ffffc900033879f8 R08: 0000000000000003 R09: 0000000000000004
R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffff52000670f1c R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000002 R14: 0000000000000010 R15: 0000000000000001
FS:  0000555562b86500(0000) GS:ffff8880b8d00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 000055ed92eb38c8 CR3: 0000000075759000 CR4: 00000000003506e0
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm+0x9b/0x130 lib/percpu-refcount.c:395
 percpu_ref_kill include/linux/percpu-refcount.h:149 [inline]
 __mddev_suspend+0x2d1/0x630 drivers/md/md.c:533
 mddev_suspend_and_lock drivers/md/md.h:876 [inline]
 raid_disks_store+0xb8/0x550 drivers/md/md.c:4320
 md_attr_store+0x19c/0x390 drivers/md/md.c:5756
 kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x3a4/0x520 fs/kernfs/file.c:352
 call_write_iter include/linux/fs.h:2019 [inline]
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:491 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x474/0x9a0 fs/read_write.c:584
 ksys_write+0x151/0x260 fs/read_write.c:637
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:46 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x55/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:76
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x68/0xd2
RIP: 0033:0x7fb5d7d9f559
Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48
RSP: 002b:00007ffd1ca2d1e8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fb5d8025fa0 RCX: 00007fb5d7d9f559
RDX: 0000000000000002 RSI: 0000200000000240 RDI: 0000000000000004
RBP: 00007fb5d7e36b50 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007fb5d8025fac R14: 00007fb5d8025fa0 R15: 00007fb5d8025fa0
 </TASK>
Modules linked in:
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
RIP: 0010:__percpu_ref_switch_mode+0x123/0x5f0 lib/percpu-refcount.c:277
Code: 31 ff 89 c6 e8 6e 7a 59 fd 45 85 ff 0f 84 5a 04 00 00 e8 b0 76 59 fd eb 05 e8 a9 76 59 fd 4d 8d 74 24 10 4d 89 f5 49 c1 ed 03 <41> 80 7c 1d 00 00 74 08 4c 89 f7 e8 3d 7f b2 fd 49 83 3e 00 0f 84
RSP: 0018:ffffc900033878e0 EFLAGS: 00010002
RAX: ffffffff842e67f0 RBX: dffffc0000000000 RCX: ffff88807b563c00
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000000
RBP: ffffc900033879f8 R08: 0000000000000003 R09: 0000000000000004
R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffff52000670f1c R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000002 R14: 0000000000000010 R15: 0000000000000001
FS:  0000555562b86500(0000) GS:ffff8880b8d00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 000055ed92eb38c8 CR3: 0000000075759000 CR4: 00000000003506e0
----------------
Code disassembly (best guess):
   0:	31 ff                	xor    %edi,%edi
   2:	89 c6                	mov    %eax,%esi
   4:	e8 6e 7a 59 fd       	call   0xfd597a77
   9:	45 85 ff             	test   %r15d,%r15d
   c:	0f 84 5a 04 00 00    	je     0x46c
  12:	e8 b0 76 59 fd       	call   0xfd5976c7
  17:	eb 05                	jmp    0x1e
  19:	e8 a9 76 59 fd       	call   0xfd5976c7
  1e:	4d 8d 74 24 10       	lea    0x10(%r12),%r14
  23:	4d 89 f5             	mov    %r14,%r13
  26:	49 c1 ed 03          	shr    $0x3,%r13
* 2a:	41 80 7c 1d 00 00    	cmpb   $0x0,0x0(%r13,%rbx,1) <-- trapping instruction
  30:	74 08                	je     0x3a
  32:	4c 89 f7             	mov    %r14,%rdi
  35:	e8 3d 7f b2 fd       	call   0xfdb27f77
  3a:	49 83 3e 00          	cmpq   $0x0,(%r14)
  3e:	0f                   	.byte 0xf
  3f:	84                   	.byte 0x84

Crashes (189):
Time Kernel Commit Syzkaller Config Log Report Syz repro C repro VM info Assets (help?) Manager Title
2026/11/01 20:06 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 25a0ae84 .config console log report syz / log C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/25 21:32 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 1d9ca40b .config console log report syz / log C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/23 02:11 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 b55fad29 .config console log report syz / log C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/11/04 00:27 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 e2d35131 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/11/03 23:00 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 e2d35131 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/11/03 22:23 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 e2d35131 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/11/03 16:43 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 e2d35131 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/11/03 02:16 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 6969b601 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/11/02 22:23 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 6969b601 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/11/02 19:59 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 6969b601 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/11/02 15:06 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 6969b601 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/11/02 06:27 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 25a0ae84 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/11/02 03:34 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 25a0ae84 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/11/02 03:23 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 25a0ae84 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/11/01 14:06 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 25a0ae84 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/11/01 11:44 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 25a0ae84 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/11/01 00:49 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 2041d3f8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/31 19:28 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 2041d3f8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/31 16:37 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 2041d3f8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/31 05:15 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 0ec395f8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/31 03:05 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 0ec395f8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/31 01:21 linux-6.6.y b5a1dc3ad482 0ec395f8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/30 10:49 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 b498adee .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/30 10:45 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 b498adee .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/30 09:04 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 b498adee .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/30 06:40 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 b498adee .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/30 01:08 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 b498adee .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/29 16:27 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 b1d00f76 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/29 14:15 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 b1d00f76 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/28 21:10 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 858db2ec .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/28 21:10 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 858db2ec .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/28 18:37 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 858db2ec .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/28 09:23 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 96923c60 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/28 08:07 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 96923c60 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/28 02:15 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 96923c60 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/27 22:55 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 96923c60 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/27 15:54 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 168cb7a2 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/27 14:22 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 168cb7a2 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/27 10:15 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 168cb7a2 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/27 07:58 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 168cb7a2 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/26 23:06 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 168cb7a2 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/26 21:28 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 168cb7a2 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/26 20:59 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 168cb7a2 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/26 11:21 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 1d9ca40b .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/26 08:05 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 1d9ca40b .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/26 04:24 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 1d9ca40b .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
2026/10/21 13:51 linux-6.6.y 0aebf2870d53 61c200c7 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-6-kasan general protection fault in __percpu_ref_switch_mode
* Struck through repros no longer work on HEAD.