INIT: Entering runlevel: 2 [info] Using makefile-style concurrent boot in runlevel 2. [....] Starting enhanced syslogd: rsyslogd[?25l[?1c7[ ok 8[?25h[?0c. [....] Starting periodic command scheduler: cron[?25l[?1c7[ ok 8[?25h[?0c. [....] Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server: sshd[?25l[?1c7[ ok 8[?25h[?0c. Debian GNU/Linux 7 syzkaller ttyS0 Warning: Permanently added '10.128.0.47' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program syzkaller login: [ 57.662834] gfs2: fsid=!-lo: Trying to join cluster "lock_nolock", "!-lo" [ 57.669909] gfs2: fsid=!-lo: Now mounting FS... [ 57.672105] sysfs: cannot create duplicate filename '/fs/gfs2/!-lo' [ 57.681082] CPU: 1 PID: 4433 Comm: syzkaller967728 Not tainted 4.16.0-rc7+ #8 [ 57.682132] sysfs: cannot create duplicate filename '/fs/gfs2/!-lo' [ 57.688332] Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011 [ 57.688335] Call Trace: [ 57.688348] dump_stack+0x194/0x24d [ 57.688355] ? arch_local_irq_restore+0x53/0x53 [ 57.688362] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x5e/0xc0 [ 57.688371] ? sysfs_warn_dup+0x6c/0xa0 [ 57.688377] sysfs_warn_dup+0x83/0xa0 [ 57.688382] sysfs_create_dir_ns+0x178/0x1d0 [ 57.688387] kobject_add_internal+0x335/0xbc0 [ 57.688394] ? kobj_ns_type_registered+0x50/0x50 [ 57.688402] ? kfree_const+0x31/0x40 [ 57.688409] ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x108/0x120 [ 57.688415] ? kfree+0x1f6/0x260 [ 57.688421] ? kfree_const+0x36/0x40 [ 57.688427] kobject_init_and_add+0xf9/0x150 [ 57.688432] ? kset_create_and_add+0x170/0x170 [ 57.688438] ? vsnprintf+0x1ed/0x1900 [ 57.688449] gfs2_sys_fs_add+0x1ff/0x580 [ 57.688453] ? recover_store+0x160/0x160 [ 57.688458] ? snprintf+0xc0/0xf0 [ 57.688463] ? vsprintf+0x40/0x40 [ 57.688470] ? set_blocksize+0x1f1/0x260 [ 57.688476] ? memcpy+0x45/0x50 [ 57.688483] fill_super+0x86f/0x1d70 [ 57.688488] ? vsnprintf+0x1ed/0x1900 [ 57.688495] ? gfs2_online_uevent+0x2a0/0x2a0 [ 57.688499] ? memcpy+0x45/0x50 [ 57.688506] ? match_strlcpy+0xbc/0xf0 [ 57.688512] ? snprintf+0xc0/0xf0 [ 57.688517] ? vsprintf+0x40/0x40 [ 57.688524] ? ns_capable_common+0xcf/0x160 [ 57.688530] ? set_blocksize+0x1f1/0x260 [ 57.826218] gfs2_mount+0x587/0x6e0 [ 57.829816] ? gfs2_mount+0x587/0x6e0 [ 57.833589] ? fill_super+0x1d70/0x1d70 [ 57.837545] mount_fs+0x66/0x2d0 [ 57.840887] vfs_kern_mount.part.26+0xc6/0x4a0 [ 57.845442] ? may_umount+0xa0/0xa0 [ 57.849039] ? _raw_read_unlock+0x22/0x30 [ 57.853156] ? __get_fs_type+0x8a/0xc0 [ 57.857014] do_mount+0xea4/0x2bb0 [ 57.860526] ? copy_mount_string+0x40/0x40 [ 57.864734] ? rcu_pm_notify+0xc0/0xc0 [ 57.868595] ? copy_mount_options+0x5f/0x2e0 [ 57.872985] ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x108/0x120 [ 57.877977] ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x459/0x740 [ 57.882806] ? kasan_check_write+0x14/0x20 [ 57.887016] ? _copy_from_user+0x99/0x110 [ 57.891138] ? copy_mount_options+0x1f7/0x2e0 [ 57.895603] SyS_mount+0xab/0x120 [ 57.899027] ? copy_mnt_ns+0xb30/0xb30 [ 57.902897] do_syscall_64+0x281/0x940 [ 57.906756] ? vmalloc_sync_all+0x30/0x30 [ 57.910878] ? trace_hardirqs_on_thunk+0x1a/0x1c [ 57.915607] ? syscall_return_slowpath+0x550/0x550 [ 57.920508] ? syscall_return_slowpath+0x2ac/0x550 [ 57.925407] ? prepare_exit_to_usermode+0x350/0x350 [ 57.930393] ? entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x52/0xb7 [ 57.935728] ? trace_hardirqs_off_thunk+0x1a/0x1c [ 57.940543] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x42/0xb7 [ 57.945704] RIP: 0033:0x44311a [ 57.948896] RSP: 002b:00007ffd32d71548 EFLAGS: 00000297 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000a5 [ 57.956610] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000003 RCX: 000000000044311a [ 57.963900] RDX: 00000000200001c0 RSI: 0000000020000000 RDI: 00007ffd32d71560 [ 57.971184] RBP: 00000000006cb018 R08: 0000000020000040 R09: 000000000000000a [ 57.978494] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000297 R12: 6e5f6b636f6c3d6f [ 57.985779] R13: 746f72706b636f6c R14: 0031656c69662f2e R15: 0000000000000004 [ 57.993091] CPU: 0 PID: 4434 Comm: syzkaller967728 Not tainted 4.16.0-rc7+ #8 [ 57.993172] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 58.000422] Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011 [ 58.000431] Call Trace: [ 58.000465] dump_stack+0x194/0x24d [ 58.000475] ? arch_local_irq_restore+0x53/0x53 [ 58.000488] ? trace_hardirqs_on+0xd/0x10 [ 58.000500] ? sysfs_warn_dup+0x6c/0xa0 [ 58.000511] sysfs_warn_dup+0x83/0xa0 [ 58.005373] kobject_add_internal failed for !-lo with -EEXIST, don't try to register things with the same name in the same directory. [ 58.014678] sysfs_create_dir_ns+0x178/0x1d0 [ 58.014687] kobject_add_internal+0x335/0xbc0 [ 58.014694] ? kobj_ns_type_registered+0x50/0x50 [ 58.014706] ? kfree_const+0x31/0x40 [ 58.017504] WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 4433 at lib/kobject.c:238 kobject_add_internal+0x8d4/0xbc0 [ 58.020959] ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x108/0x120 [ 58.025604] Kernel panic - not syncing: panic_on_warn set ... [ 58.025604] [ 58.029728] ? kfree+0x1f6/0x260 [ 58.090849] ? kfree_const+0x36/0x40 [ 58.094534] kobject_init_and_add+0xf9/0x150 [ 58.098913] ? kset_create_and_add+0x170/0x170 [ 58.103470] ? vsnprintf+0x1ed/0x1900 [ 58.107247] gfs2_sys_fs_add+0x1ff/0x580 [ 58.111279] ? recover_store+0x160/0x160 [ 58.115312] ? snprintf+0xc0/0xf0 [ 58.118738] ? vsprintf+0x40/0x40 [ 58.122162] ? set_blocksize+0x1f1/0x260 [ 58.126191] ? memcpy+0x45/0x50 [ 58.129442] fill_super+0x86f/0x1d70 [ 58.133127] ? vsnprintf+0x1ed/0x1900 [ 58.136901] ? gfs2_online_uevent+0x2a0/0x2a0 [ 58.141366] ? memcpy+0x45/0x50 [ 58.144618] ? match_strlcpy+0xbc/0xf0 [ 58.148476] ? snprintf+0xc0/0xf0 [ 58.151902] ? vsprintf+0x40/0x40 [ 58.155325] ? ns_capable_common+0xcf/0x160 [ 58.159615] ? set_blocksize+0x1f1/0x260 [ 58.163648] gfs2_mount+0x587/0x6e0 [ 58.167242] ? gfs2_mount+0x587/0x6e0 [ 58.171013] ? fill_super+0x1d70/0x1d70 [ 58.174965] mount_fs+0x66/0x2d0 [ 58.178305] vfs_kern_mount.part.26+0xc6/0x4a0 [ 58.182855] ? may_umount+0xa0/0xa0 [ 58.186454] ? _raw_read_unlock+0x22/0x30 [ 58.190571] ? __get_fs_type+0x8a/0xc0 [ 58.194427] do_mount+0xea4/0x2bb0 [ 58.197939] ? copy_mount_string+0x40/0x40 [ 58.202146] ? rcu_pm_notify+0xc0/0xc0 [ 58.206006] ? copy_mount_options+0x5f/0x2e0 [ 58.210391] ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x108/0x120 [ 58.215379] ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x459/0x740 [ 58.220194] ? kasan_check_write+0x14/0x20 [ 58.224400] ? copy_mount_options+0x1f7/0x2e0 [ 58.228863] SyS_mount+0xab/0x120 [ 58.232285] ? copy_mnt_ns+0xb30/0xb30 [ 58.236144] do_syscall_64+0x281/0x940 [ 58.240000] ? vmalloc_sync_all+0x30/0x30 [ 58.244115] ? trace_hardirqs_on_thunk+0x1a/0x1c [ 58.248842] ? syscall_return_slowpath+0x550/0x550 [ 58.253739] ? syscall_return_slowpath+0x2ac/0x550 [ 58.258638] ? prepare_exit_to_usermode+0x350/0x350 [ 58.263624] ? entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x52/0xb7 [ 58.268956] ? trace_hardirqs_off_thunk+0x1a/0x1c [ 58.273769] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x42/0xb7 [ 58.278929] RIP: 0033:0x44311a [ 58.282089] RSP: 002b:00007ffd32d71548 EFLAGS: 00000297 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000a5 [ 58.289766] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000003 RCX: 000000000044311a [ 58.297005] RDX: 00000000200001c0 RSI: 0000000020000000 RDI: 00007ffd32d71560 [ 58.304242] RBP: 00000000006cb018 R08: 0000000020000040 R09: 000000000000000a [ 58.311480] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000297 R12: 6e5f6b636f6c3d6f [ 58.318727] R13: 746f72706b636f6c R14: 0031656c69662f2e R15: 0000000000000004 [ 58.325981] CPU: 1 PID: 4433 Comm: syzkaller967728 Not tainted 4.16.0-rc7+ #8 [ 58.326038] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 58.333247] Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011 [ 58.333250] Call Trace: [ 58.333264] dump_stack+0x194/0x24d [ 58.333271] ? arch_local_irq_restore+0x53/0x53 [ 58.333280] ? vsnprintf+0x1ed/0x1900 [ 58.338027] kobject_add_internal failed for !-lo with -EEXIST, don't try to register things with the same name in the same directory. [ 58.347349] panic+0x1e4/0x41c [ 58.347356] ? refcount_error_report+0x214/0x214 [ 58.347366] ? show_regs_print_info+0x18/0x18 [ 58.350071] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 4434 at lib/kobject.c:238 kobject_add_internal+0x8d4/0xbc0 [ 58.353524] ? vprintk_emit+0xa5f/0xb90 [ 58.358157] Modules linked in: [ 58.361940] ? __warn+0x1c1/0x200 [ 58.374046] CPU: 0 PID: 4434 Comm: syzkaller967728 Not tainted 4.16.0-rc7+ #8 [ 58.377215] ? kobject_add_internal+0x8d4/0xbc0 [ 58.381941] Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011 [ 58.386413] __warn+0x1dc/0x200 [ 58.394878] RIP: 0010:kobject_add_internal+0x8d4/0xbc0 [ 58.398825] ? kobject_add_internal+0x8d4/0xbc0 [ 58.401985] RSP: 0018:ffff8801afb6f4a0 EFLAGS: 00010282 [ 58.405417] report_bug+0x1f4/0x2b0 [ 58.412659] RAX: dffffc0000000008 RBX: ffff8801ac9cd190 RCX: ffffffff815b193e [ 58.417304] fixup_bug.part.10+0x37/0x80 [ 58.426637] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 1ffff10035f6de44 RDI: 1ffff10035f6de19 [ 58.426644] RBP: ffff8801afb6f598 R08: 1ffff10035f6dddb R09: 0000000000000001 [ 58.429900] do_error_trap+0x2d7/0x3e0 [ 58.435146] R10: ffff8801afb6f260 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 1ffff10035f6de9a [ 58.435152] R13: 00000000ffffffef R14: ffff8801d399bc48 R15: 1ffff10035f6de9e [ 58.439803] ? vprintk_default+0x28/0x30 [ 58.445137] FS: 00000000023a4880(0000) GS:ffff8801db000000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 58.448743] ? math_error+0x400/0x400 [ 58.455986] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 58.455993] CR2: 00000000004b57b8 CR3: 00000001d092d006 CR4: 00000000001606f0 [ 58.460030] ? printk+0xaa/0xca [ 58.467280] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 [ 58.474531] ? show_regs_print_info+0x18/0x18 [ 58.478396] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 [ 58.478401] Call Trace: [ 58.485917] ? trace_hardirqs_off_thunk+0x1a/0x1c [ 58.493165] ? kobj_ns_type_registered+0x50/0x50 [ 58.497286] do_invalid_op+0x1b/0x20 [ 58.505504] ? kfree_const+0x31/0x40 [ 58.509279] invalid_op+0x1b/0x40 [ 58.515140] ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x108/0x120 [ 58.522395] RIP: 0010:kobject_add_internal+0x8d4/0xbc0 [ 58.525661] ? kfree+0x1f6/0x260 [ 58.532901] RSP: 0018:ffff8801b07d74a0 EFLAGS: 00010282 [ 58.537385] ? kfree_const+0x36/0x40 [ 58.544622] RAX: dffffc0000000008 RBX: ffff8801d9549150 RCX: ffffffff815b193e [ 58.544629] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 1ffff100360fae44 RDI: 1ffff100360fae19 [ 58.547193] kobject_init_and_add+0xf9/0x150 [ 58.552000] RBP: ffff8801b07d7598 R08: 1ffff100360faddb R09: 0000000000000000 [ 58.552007] R10: ffff8801b07d7260 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 1ffff100360fae9a [ 58.556751] ? kset_create_and_add+0x170/0x170 [ 58.560431] R13: 00000000ffffffef R14: ffff8801d399bc48 R15: 1ffff100360fae9e [ 58.560443] ? vprintk_func+0x5e/0xc0 [ 58.564128] ? vsnprintf+0x1ed/0x1900 [ 58.567554] ? kobj_ns_type_registered+0x50/0x50 [ 58.572547] gfs2_sys_fs_add+0x1ff/0x580 [ 58.577798] ? kfree_const+0x31/0x40 [ 58.581131] ? recover_store+0x160/0x160 [ 58.586474] ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x108/0x120 [ 58.590354] ? snprintf+0xc0/0xf0 [ 58.597595] ? kfree+0x1f6/0x260 [ 58.604843] ? vsprintf+0x40/0x40 [ 58.609228] ? kfree_const+0x36/0x40 [ 58.616474] ? set_blocksize+0x1f1/0x260 [ 58.623722] kobject_init_and_add+0xf9/0x150 [ 58.628278] ? memcpy+0x45/0x50 [ 58.635524] ? kset_create_and_add+0x170/0x170 [ 58.639299] fill_super+0x86f/0x1d70 [ 58.643070] ? vsnprintf+0x1ed/0x1900 [ 58.647811] ? vsnprintf+0x1ed/0x1900 [ 58.651847] gfs2_sys_fs_add+0x1ff/0x580 [ 58.655532] ? gfs2_online_uevent+0x2a0/0x2a0 [ 58.659567] ? recover_store+0x160/0x160 [ 58.664563] ? memcpy+0x45/0x50 [ 58.667990] ? snprintf+0xc0/0xf0 [ 58.671329] ? match_strlcpy+0xbc/0xf0 [ 58.674753] ? vsprintf+0x40/0x40 [ 58.678442] ? snprintf+0xc0/0xf0 [ 58.682474] ? set_blocksize+0x1f1/0x260 [ 58.686853] ? vsprintf+0x40/0x40 [ 58.690104] ? memcpy+0x45/0x50 [ 58.694658] ? ns_capable_common+0xcf/0x160 [ 58.698341] fill_super+0x86f/0x1d70 [ 58.702138] ? set_blocksize+0x1f1/0x260 [ 58.705915] ? vsnprintf+0x1ed/0x1900 [ 58.709949] gfs2_mount+0x587/0x6e0 [ 58.714415] ? gfs2_online_uevent+0x2a0/0x2a0 [ 58.718453] ? gfs2_mount+0x587/0x6e0 [ 58.721705] ? memcpy+0x45/0x50 [ 58.725135] ? fill_super+0x1d70/0x1d70 [ 58.728993] ? match_strlcpy+0xbc/0xf0 [ 58.732425] mount_fs+0x66/0x2d0 [ 58.735928] ? snprintf+0xc0/0xf0 [ 58.739961] vfs_kern_mount.part.26+0xc6/0x4a0 [ 58.743385] ? vsprintf+0x40/0x40 [ 58.746639] ? may_umount+0xa0/0xa0 [ 58.750937] ? ns_capable_common+0xcf/0x160 [ 58.754652] ? _raw_read_unlock+0x22/0x30 [ 58.758686] ? set_blocksize+0x1f1/0x260 [ 58.762458] ? __get_fs_type+0x8a/0xc0 [ 58.766057] gfs2_mount+0x587/0x6e0 [ 58.770523] do_mount+0xea4/0x2bb0 [ 58.774296] ? gfs2_mount+0x587/0x6e0 [ 58.777550] ? copy_mount_string+0x40/0x40 [ 58.781497] ? fill_super+0x1d70/0x1d70 [ 58.785370] ? rcu_pm_notify+0xc0/0xc0 [ 58.788717] mount_fs+0x66/0x2d0 [ 58.792138] ? copy_mount_options+0x5f/0x2e0 [ 58.796699] vfs_kern_mount.part.26+0xc6/0x4a0 [ 58.800123] ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x108/0x120 [ 58.803717] ? may_umount+0xa0/0xa0 [ 58.808011] ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x459/0x740 [ 58.812134] ? _raw_read_unlock+0x22/0x30 [ 58.816164] ? kasan_check_write+0x14/0x20 [ 58.820023] ? __get_fs_type+0x8a/0xc0 [ 58.823642] ? copy_mount_options+0x1f7/0x2e0 [ 58.827152] do_mount+0xea4/0x2bb0 [ 58.830923] SyS_mount+0xab/0x120 [ 58.835131] ? copy_mount_string+0x40/0x40 [ 58.839080] ? copy_mnt_ns+0xb30/0xb30 [ 58.842939] ? rcu_pm_notify+0xc0/0xc0 [ 58.846277] do_syscall_64+0x281/0x940 [ 58.850662] ? copy_mount_options+0x5f/0x2e0 [ 58.855216] ? vmalloc_sync_all+0x30/0x30 [ 58.860207] ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x108/0x120 [ 58.863802] ? trace_hardirqs_on_thunk+0x1a/0x1c [ 58.868620] ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x459/0x740 [ 58.872740] ? syscall_return_slowpath+0x550/0x550 [ 58.876950] ? kasan_check_write+0x14/0x20 [ 58.880813] ? syscall_return_slowpath+0x2ac/0x550 [ 58.885281] ? _copy_from_user+0x99/0x110 [ 58.888794] ? prepare_exit_to_usermode+0x350/0x350 [ 58.892231] ? copy_mount_options+0x1f7/0x2e0 [ 58.896442] ? entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x52/0xb7 [ 58.900299] SyS_mount+0xab/0x120 [ 58.904159] ? trace_hardirqs_off_thunk+0x1a/0x1c [ 58.908015] ? copy_mnt_ns+0xb30/0xb30 [ 58.912395] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x42/0xb7 [ 58.916516] do_syscall_64+0x281/0x940 [ 58.921523] RIP: 0033:0x44311a [ 58.926254] ? vmalloc_sync_all+0x30/0x30 [ 58.931057] RSP: 002b:00007ffd32d71548 EFLAGS: 00000297 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000a5 [ 58.935976] ? trace_hardirqs_on_thunk+0x1a/0x1c [ 58.940172] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000003 RCX: 000000000044311a [ 58.940178] RDX: 00000000200001c0 RSI: 0000000020000000 RDI: 00007ffd32d71560 [ 58.945084] ? syscall_return_slowpath+0x550/0x550 [ 58.949192] RBP: 00000000006cb018 R08: 0000000020000040 R09: 000000000000000a [ 58.949197] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000297 R12: 6e5f6b636f6c3d6f [ 58.954185] ? syscall_return_slowpath+0x2ac/0x550 [ 58.958643] R13: 746f72706b636f6c R14: 0031656c69662f2e R15: 0000000000000004 [ 58.958652] Code: [ 58.963985] ? prepare_exit_to_usermode+0x350/0x350 [ 58.967405] 00 [ 58.972224] ? entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x52/0xb7 [ 58.976080] 00 00 [ 58.981248] ? trace_hardirqs_off_thunk+0x1a/0x1c [ 58.985099] 00 fc [ 58.988274] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x42/0xb7 [ 58.992382] ff df [ 59.000070] RIP: 0033:0x44311a [ 59.000077] RSP: 002b:00007ffd32d71548 EFLAGS: 00000297 [ 59.004809] 48 [ 59.012151] ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000a5 [ 59.019389] c1 ea [ 59.024296] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000003 RCX: 000000000044311a [ 59.024302] RDX: 00000000200001c0 RSI: 0000000020000000 RDI: 00007ffd32d71560 [ 59.031554] 03 80 [ 59.038809] RBP: 00000000006cb018 R08: 0000000020000040 R09: 000000000000000a [ 59.038816] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000297 R12: 6e5f6b636f6c3d6f [ 59.043715] 3c 02 [ 59.050971] R13: 746f72706b636f6c R14: 0031656c69662f2e R15: 0000000000000004 [ 59.138586] 00 0f 85 aa 00 00 00 48 8b 13 48 c7 c6 00 24 d6 87 48 c7 c7 60 21 d6 87 e8 4c b3 62 fa <0f> 0b e9 1d fb ff ff e8 30 9e 92 fa 0f 0b e9 29 fe ff ff e8 24 [ 59.153562] ---[ end trace 2ba9b53d5b111ede ]--- [ 59.159018] Dumping ftrace buffer: [ 59.163050] (ftrace buffer empty) [ 59.166798] Kernel Offset: disabled [ 59.170461] Rebooting in 86400 seconds..