Warning: Permanently added '10.128.0.164' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts. executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program [ 21.303874][ T30] audit: type=1400 audit(1693943075.743:66): avc: denied { execmem } for pid=286 comm="syz-executor125" scontext=root:sysadm_r:sysadm_t tcontext=root:sysadm_r:sysadm_t tclass=process permissive=1 [ 21.320099][ T296] loop1: detected capacity change from 0 to 2048 [ 21.353041][ T302] loop5: detected capacity change from 0 to 2048 [ 21.359661][ T301] loop3: detected capacity change from 0 to 2048 [ 21.368067][ T30] audit: type=1400 audit(1693943075.743:67): avc: denied { read write } for pid=289 comm="syz-executor125" name="loop2" dev="devtmpfs" ino=114 scontext=root:sysadm_r:sysadm_t tcontext=system_u:object_r:fixed_disk_device_t tclass=blk_file permissive=1 [ 21.393046][ T30] audit: type=1400 audit(1693943075.743:68): avc: denied { open } for pid=289 comm="syz-executor125" path="/dev/loop2" dev="devtmpfs" ino=114 scontext=root:sysadm_r:sysadm_t tcontext=system_u:object_r:fixed_disk_device_t tclass=blk_file permissive=1 [ 21.395674][ T300] loop0: detected capacity change from 0 to 2048 [ 21.418941][ T305] loop4: detected capacity change from 0 to 2048 [ 21.424616][ T303] loop2: detected capacity change from 0 to 2048 [ 21.430588][ T296] EXT4-fs (loop1): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: ,errors=continue. Quota mode: none. [ 21.435734][ T30] audit: type=1400 audit(1693943075.743:69): avc: denied { ioctl } for pid=289 comm="syz-executor125" path="/dev/loop2" dev="devtmpfs" ino=114 ioctlcmd=0x4c01 scontext=root:sysadm_r:sysadm_t tcontext=system_u:object_r:fixed_disk_device_t tclass=blk_file permissive=1 [ 21.485406][ T30] audit: type=1400 audit(1693943075.783:70): avc: denied { mounton } for pid=294 comm="syz-executor125" path="/root/bus" dev="sda1" ino=1926 scontext=root:sysadm_r:sysadm_t tcontext=root:object_r:user_home_t tclass=dir permissive=1 [ 21.486707][ T302] EXT4-fs (loop5): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: ,errors=continue. Quota mode: none. [ 21.507811][ T30] audit: type=1400 audit(1693943075.913:71): avc: denied { mount } for pid=294 comm="syz-executor125" name="/" dev="loop1" ino=2 scontext=root:sysadm_r:sysadm_t tcontext=system_u:object_r:fs_t tclass=filesystem permissive=1 [ 21.530127][ T296] EXT4-fs error (device loop1): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:1150: group 0, block bitmap and bg descriptor inconsistent: 25 vs 150994969 free clusters [ 21.542190][ T30] audit: type=1400 audit(1693943075.913:72): avc: denied { write } for pid=294 comm="syz-executor125" name="/" dev="loop1" ino=2 scontext=root:sysadm_r:sysadm_t tcontext=system_u:object_r:unlabeled_t tclass=dir permissive=1 [ 21.564375][ T303] EXT4-fs (loop2): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: ,errors=continue. Quota mode: none. [ 21.578893][ T30] audit: type=1400 audit(1693943075.913:73): avc: denied { add_name } for pid=294 comm="syz-executor125" name="bus" scontext=root:sysadm_r:sysadm_t tcontext=system_u:object_r:unlabeled_t tclass=dir permissive=1 [ 21.609334][ T30] audit: type=1400 audit(1693943075.913:74): avc: denied { create } for pid=294 comm="syz-executor125" name="bus" scontext=root:sysadm_r:sysadm_t tcontext=root:object_r:unlabeled_t tclass=file permissive=1 [ 21.610586][ T301] EXT4-fs (loop3): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: ,errors=continue. Quota mode: none. [ 21.630023][ T30] audit: type=1400 audit(1693943075.913:75): avc: denied { read write open } for pid=294 comm="syz-executor125" path="/root/bus/bus" dev="loop1" ino=18 scontext=root:sysadm_r:sysadm_t tcontext=root:object_r:unlabeled_t tclass=file permissive=1 [ 21.665990][ T305] EXT4-fs (loop4): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: ,errors=continue. Quota mode: none. [ 21.681354][ T296] EXT4-fs (loop1): Delayed block allocation failed for inode 18 at logical offset 0 with max blocks 1 with error 28 [ 21.693747][ T296] EXT4-fs (loop1): This should not happen!! Data will be lost [ 21.693747][ T296] [ 21.703349][ T296] EXT4-fs (loop1): Total free blocks count 0 [ 21.709553][ T296] EXT4-fs (loop1): Free/Dirty block details [ 21.715376][ T296] EXT4-fs (loop1): free_blocks=2415919104 [ 21.723048][ T323] EXT4-fs error (device loop3): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:1150: group 0, block bitmap and bg descriptor inconsistent: 25 vs 150994969 free clusters [ 21.728227][ T296] EXT4-fs (loop1): dirty_blocks=16 [ 21.739161][ T305] EXT4-fs error (device loop4): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:1150: group 0, block bitmap and bg descriptor inconsistent: 25 vs 150994969 free clusters [ 21.751596][ T296] EXT4-fs (loop1): Block reservation details [ 21.757919][ T305] EXT4-fs (loop4): Delayed block allocation failed for inode 18 at logical offset 0 with max blocks 1 with error 28 [ 21.763518][ T301] EXT4-fs (loop3): Delayed block allocation failed for inode 18 at logical offset 0 with max blocks 1 with error 28 [ 21.775493][ T305] EXT4-fs (loop4): This should not happen!! Data will be lost [ 21.775493][ T305] [ 21.796843][ T305] EXT4-fs (loop4): Total free blocks count 0 [ 21.800655][ T302] EXT4-fs error (device loop5): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:1150: group 0, block bitmap and bg descriptor inconsistent: 25 vs 150994969 free clusters [ 21.802832][ T305] EXT4-fs (loop4): Free/Dirty block details [ 21.818886][ T300] EXT4-fs (loop0): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: ,errors=continue. Quota mode: none. [ 21.823405][ T305] EXT4-fs (loop4): free_blocks=2415919104 [ 21.833506][ T296] EXT4-fs (loop1): i_reserved_data_blocks=1 [ 21.838902][ T305] EXT4-fs (loop4): dirty_blocks=16 [ 21.850141][ T301] EXT4-fs (loop3): This should not happen!! Data will be lost [ 21.850141][ T301] [ 21.860049][ T305] EXT4-fs (loop4): Block reservation details [ 21.863064][ T301] EXT4-fs (loop3): Total free blocks count 0 [ 21.866139][ T302] EXT4-fs (loop5): Delayed block allocation failed for inode 18 at logical offset 0 with max blocks 1 with error 28 [ 21.871787][ T301] EXT4-fs (loop3): Free/Dirty block details [ 21.885907][ T296] syz-executor125 (296) used greatest stack depth: 21888 bytes left [ 21.889443][ T301] EXT4-fs (loop3): free_blocks=2415919104 executing program executing program [ 21.898570][ T305] EXT4-fs (loop4): i_reserved_data_blocks=1 [ 21.910305][ T301] EXT4-fs (loop3): dirty_blocks=16 [ 21.915255][ T301] EXT4-fs (loop3): Block reservation details [ 21.921430][ T301] EXT4-fs (loop3): i_reserved_data_blocks=1 [ 21.927280][ T302] EXT4-fs (loop5): This should not happen!! Data will be lost [ 21.927280][ T302] [ 21.934443][ T300] EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_mb_generate_buddy:1150: group 0, block bitmap and bg descriptor inconsistent: 25 vs 150994969 free clusters [ 21.945004][ T302] EXT4-fs (loop5): Total free blocks count 0 [ 21.956370][ T300] EXT4-fs (loop0): Delayed block allocation failed for inode 18 at logical offset 0 with max blocks 1 with error 28 [ 21.957300][ T303] EXT4-fs (loop4): Delayed block allocation failed for inode 18 at logical offset 0 with max blocks 1 with error 28 [ 21.974116][ T300] EXT4-fs (loop0): This should not happen!! Data will be lost [ 21.974116][ T300] [ 21.989041][ T302] EXT4-fs (loop5): Free/Dirty block details [ 21.991507][ T300] EXT4-fs (loop0): Total free blocks count 0 executing program executing program executing program executing program [ 22.002647][ T300] EXT4-fs (loop0): Free/Dirty block details [ 22.008725][ T300] EXT4-fs (loop0): free_blocks=2415919104 [ 22.009243][ T302] EXT4-fs (loop5): free_blocks=2415919104 [ 22.014687][ T300] EXT4-fs (loop0): dirty_blocks=16 [ 22.025345][ T300] EXT4-fs (loop0): Block reservation details [ 22.031579][ T300] EXT4-fs (loop0): i_reserved_data_blocks=1 [ 22.042654][ T303] EXT4-fs (loop4): This should not happen!! Data will be lost [ 22.042654][ T303] executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program [ 22.078345][ T302] EXT4-fs (loop5): dirty_blocks=16 [ 22.083482][ T302] EXT4-fs (loop5): Block reservation details executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program [ 22.130032][ T302] EXT4-fs (loop5): i_reserved_data_blocks=1 executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program [ 26.377928][ T8] EXT4-fs (loop1): Delayed block allocation failed for inode 18 at logical offset 0 with max blocks 1 with error 28 [ 26.409652][ T8] EXT4-fs (loop1): This should not happen!! Data will be lost [ 26.409652][ T8] executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program [ 26.537923][ T8] EXT4-fs (loop5): Delayed block allocation failed for inode 18 at logical offset 0 with max blocks 1 with error 28 [ 26.569854][ T8] EXT4-fs (loop5): This should not happen!! Data will be lost [ 26.569854][ T8] executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program [ 26.618191][ T315] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 26.630181][ T315] kernel BUG at fs/ext4/inode.c:2735! [ 26.649034][ T315] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN [ 26.654941][ T315] CPU: 0 PID: 315 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Not tainted 5.15.130-syzkaller-00623-g1317bd27a72f #0 executing program executing program [ 26.664838][ T315] Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/26/2023 [ 26.674836][ T315] Workqueue: writeback wb_workfn (flush-7:3) [ 26.680635][ T315] RIP: 0010:ext4_writepages+0x3fe6/0x4000 [ 26.686208][ T315] Code: 89 de e8 9d 0a 88 ff 45 84 f6 75 2c e8 03 08 88 ff 49 be 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 4c 8b 64 24 50 e9 e4 c5 ff ff e8 ea 07 88 ff <0f> 0b e8 e3 07 88 ff e8 2a 94 18 ff eb 9b e8 d7 07 88 ff e8 1e 94 [ 26.705984][ T315] RSP: 0018:ffffc90000bb6f60 EFLAGS: 00010293 executing program executing program [ 26.711876][ T315] RAX: ffffffff81e7ed46 RBX: 0000008000000000 RCX: ffff88811eafcf00 [ 26.719805][ T315] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000008000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000 [ 26.727766][ T315] RBP: ffffc90000bb7370 R08: ffffffff81e7e4b6 R09: ffffed1021fbfa45 [ 26.735568][ T315] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: dffffc0000000001 R12: ffffc90000bb7730 [ 26.743390][ T315] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000008410000000 R15: 0000000000000001 [ 26.751192][ T315] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8881f7000000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 26.759962][ T315] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 26.766399][ T315] CR2: 00007f0739d00005 CR3: 000000011e633000 CR4: 00000000003506b0 [ 26.774199][ T315] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 [ 26.782001][ T315] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 [ 26.789813][ T315] Call Trace: [ 26.792948][ T315] [ 26.795716][ T315] ? __die_body+0x62/0xb0 [ 26.799881][ T315] ? die+0x88/0xb0 [ 26.803439][ T315] ? do_trap+0x103/0x330 [ 26.807520][ T315] ? ext4_writepages+0x3fe6/0x4000 [ 26.812466][ T315] ? handle_invalid_op+0x95/0xc0 [ 26.817242][ T315] ? ext4_writepages+0x3fe6/0x4000 [ 26.822351][ T315] ? exc_invalid_op+0x32/0x50 [ 26.826792][ T315] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1b/0x20 [ 26.831651][ T315] ? ext4_writepages+0x3756/0x4000 [ 26.836682][ T315] ? ext4_writepages+0x3fe6/0x4000 [ 26.841812][ T315] ? ext4_writepages+0x3fe6/0x4000 [ 26.846794][ T315] ? write_cache_pages+0xd37/0xeb0 [ 26.851701][ T315] ? generic_writepages+0x160/0x160 [ 26.856757][ T315] ? tag_pages_for_writeback+0x590/0x590 [ 26.862237][ T315] ? ext4_readpage+0x230/0x230 [ 26.862448][ T10] EXT4-fs: 6 callbacks suppressed [ 26.862462][ T10] EXT4-fs (loop4): Delayed block allocation failed for inode 18 at logical offset 0 with max blocks 1 with error 28 [ 26.866888][ T315] ? __activate_page+0x1110/0x1110 [ 26.885898][ T10] EXT4-fs (loop4): This should not happen!! Data will be lost [ 26.885898][ T10] [ 26.888932][ T315] ? blk_finish_plug+0x4c/0x80 [ 26.888964][ T315] ? __kasan_check_write+0x14/0x20 [ 26.908308][ T315] ? ext4_readpage+0x230/0x230 [ 26.912911][ T315] do_writepages+0x40e/0x670 [ 26.917328][ T315] ? __writepage+0x130/0x130 [ 26.921787][ T315] ? __kasan_check_write+0x14/0x20 [ 26.926709][ T315] ? _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0xf9/0x210 [ 26.932175][ T315] ? __kasan_check_write+0x14/0x20 [ 26.937206][ T315] __writeback_single_inode+0xdf/0xa70 [ 26.942500][ T315] writeback_sb_inodes+0xb2e/0x1910 [ 26.947543][ T315] ? queue_io+0x520/0x520 [ 26.951793][ T315] ? _raw_spin_unlock+0x4d/0x70 [ 26.956478][ T315] ? __writeback_inodes_wb+0x3f0/0x3f0 [ 26.959505][ T10] EXT4-fs (loop4): Total free blocks count 0 executing program [ 26.961798][ T315] __writeback_inodes_wb+0x118/0x3f0 [ 26.961828][ T315] ? queue_io+0x3d0/0x520 [ 26.977271][ T315] wb_writeback+0x3cd/0x9e0 [ 26.981597][ T315] ? inode_cgwb_move_to_attached+0x3c0/0x3c0 [ 26.987421][ T315] ? __kasan_check_write+0x14/0x20 [ 26.992631][ T315] ? cpumask_next+0x8a/0xb0 [ 26.997050][ T315] wb_workfn+0xc12/0x1110 [ 27.001231][ T315] ? inode_wait_for_writeback+0x280/0x280 [ 27.003927][ T10] EXT4-fs (loop4): Free/Dirty block details [ 27.006763][ T315] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x5c/0x80 [ 27.018226][ T315] ? try_to_wake_up+0x685/0x1150 [ 27.023092][ T315] ? finish_task_switch+0x167/0x7b0 [ 27.028128][ T315] ? try_invoke_on_locked_down_task+0x2a0/0x2a0 [ 27.034513][ T315] ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x20 [ 27.039455][ T315] ? read_word_at_a_time+0x12/0x20 [ 27.044415][ T315] ? strscpy+0x9c/0x260 [ 27.048403][ T315] process_one_work+0x6bb/0xc10 [ 27.053086][ T315] worker_thread+0xad5/0x12a0 [ 27.055557][ T10] EXT4-fs (loop4): free_blocks=2415919104 [ 27.057586][ T315] ? _raw_spin_lock+0x1b0/0x1b0 executing program [ 27.057619][ T315] kthread+0x421/0x510 [ 27.071764][ T315] ? worker_clr_flags+0x180/0x180 [ 27.076699][ T315] ? kthread_blkcg+0xd0/0xd0 [ 27.081240][ T315] ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 [ 27.085468][ T315] [ 27.088322][ T315] Modules linked in: [ 27.099180][ T8] EXT4-fs (loop0): Delayed block allocation failed for inode 18 at logical offset 0 with max blocks 1 with error 28 executing program executing program executing program executing program [ 27.116486][ T10] EXT4-fs (loop4): dirty_blocks=16 executing program executing program executing program [ 27.153207][ T8] EXT4-fs (loop0): This should not happen!! Data will be lost [ 27.153207][ T8] [ 27.165990][ T10] EXT4-fs (loop4): Block reservation details executing program executing program executing program [ 27.211922][ T10] EXT4-fs (loop4): i_reserved_data_blocks=1 [ 27.216347][ T8] EXT4-fs (loop0): Total free blocks count 0 executing program [ 27.258920][ T8] EXT4-fs (loop0): Free/Dirty block details executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program [ 27.307738][ T8] EXT4-fs (loop0): free_blocks=2415919104 [ 27.339673][ T8] EXT4-fs (loop0): dirty_blocks=16 executing program executing program executing program executing program [ 27.361398][ T8] EXT4-fs (loop0): Block reservation details [ 27.393669][ T8] EXT4-fs (loop0): i_reserved_data_blocks=1 executing program executing program executing program executing program [ 27.451843][ T315] ---[ end trace e902e5d345b0dccb ]--- [ 27.485652][ T315] RIP: 0010:ext4_writepages+0x3fe6/0x4000 executing program executing program executing program [ 27.517400][ T315] Code: 89 de e8 9d 0a 88 ff 45 84 f6 75 2c e8 03 08 88 ff 49 be 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 4c 8b 64 24 50 e9 e4 c5 ff ff e8 ea 07 88 ff <0f> 0b e8 e3 07 88 ff e8 2a 94 18 ff eb 9b e8 d7 07 88 ff e8 1e 94 executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program [ 27.635478][ T315] RSP: 0018:ffffc90000bb6f60 EFLAGS: 00010293 executing program [ 27.677847][ T315] RAX: ffffffff81e7ed46 RBX: 0000008000000000 RCX: ffff88811eafcf00 executing program executing program executing program [ 27.724428][ T315] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000008000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000 executing program executing program executing program [ 27.764926][ T315] RBP: ffffc90000bb7370 R08: ffffffff81e7e4b6 R09: ffffed1021fbfa45 executing program executing program executing program [ 27.820484][ T315] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: dffffc0000000001 R12: ffffc90000bb7730 executing program executing program executing program [ 27.864337][ T315] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000008410000000 R15: 0000000000000001 executing program executing program executing program executing program [ 27.926934][ T315] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8881f7000000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 executing program executing program executing program [ 27.974603][ T315] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 28.013154][ T315] CR2: 00007ffeef656bb8 CR3: 000000011d53f000 CR4: 00000000003506b0 executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program executing program [ 28.075817][ T315] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 executing program executing program [ 28.129251][ T315] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 [ 28.165815][ T315] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception [ 28.172067][ T315] Kernel Offset: disabled [ 28.176349][ T315] Rebooting in 86400 seconds..