------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 5814 at lib/refcount.c:25 refcount_warn_saturate+0x134/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:25 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 PID: 5814 Comm: udevd Not tainted 6.1.141-syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05/07/2025 pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : refcount_warn_saturate+0x134/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:25 lr : refcount_warn_saturate+0x134/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:25 sp : ffff8000080178c0 x29: ffff8000080178c0 x28: ffff0000db198800 x27: ffff0000c3cd8e08 x26: ffff0000d01ca370 x25: dfff800000000000 x24: 1fffe0001879b1c1 x23: ffff0000d9832800 x22: ffff0000d4f99d94 x21: ffff0000dc0f3080 x20: ffff0000d4f99d94 x19: ffff800017a32000 x18: 0000000000000000 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: ffff8000082d1c00 x15: 0000000000000000 x14: 00000000ffffffff x13: 0000000000000001 x12: 0000000000ff0100 x11: ff0080000819149c x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : e9ed307250371500 x8 : e9ed307250371500 x7 : 0000000000000001 x6 : 0000000000000001 x5 : ffff800008017358 x4 : ffff800015154700 x3 : ffff80000852da40 x2 : 0000000000000001 x1 : 0000000000000100 x0 : 0000000000000000 Call trace: refcount_warn_saturate+0x134/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:25 __refcount_add include/linux/refcount.h:-1 [inline] __refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:250 [inline] refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:267 [inline] get_net include/net/net_namespace.h:257 [inline] tipc_aead_encrypt net/tipc/crypto.c:821 [inline] tipc_crypto_xmit+0x1518/0x2014 net/tipc/crypto.c:1761 tipc_bearer_xmit_skb+0x1f0/0x384 net/tipc/bearer.c:574 tipc_disc_timeout+0x4c8/0x608 net/tipc/discover.c:338 call_timer_fn+0x1b8/0x964 kernel/time/timer.c:1504 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1549 [inline] __run_timers+0x460/0x6bc kernel/time/timer.c:1820 run_timer_softirq+0x7c/0x114 kernel/time/timer.c:1833 handle_softirqs+0x318/0xc6c kernel/softirq.c:596 __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ____do_softirq+0x14/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:80 call_on_irq_stack+0x24/0x4c arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:893 do_softirq_own_stack+0x20/0x2c arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:85 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:477 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x23c/0x43c kernel/softirq.c:679 irq_exit_rcu+0x14/0x84 kernel/softirq.c:691 __el1_irq arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:472 [inline] el1_interrupt+0x38/0x54 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:486 el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x24 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:491 el1h_64_irq+0x64/0x68 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:581 __sanitizer_cov_trace_pc+0x88/0x94 kernel/kcov.c:232 validate_mm_mt+0x14c/0x3a8 mm/mmap.c:295 __split_vma+0x44/0x448 mm/mmap.c:2343 do_mas_align_munmap+0x2c8/0xeec mm/mmap.c:2468 do_mas_munmap mm/mmap.c:2638 [inline] __vm_munmap+0x250/0x380 mm/mmap.c:2924 __do_sys_munmap mm/mmap.c:2949 [inline] __se_sys_munmap mm/mmap.c:2946 [inline] __arm64_sys_munmap+0x64/0x7c mm/mmap.c:2946 __invoke_syscall arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:38 [inline] invoke_syscall+0x98/0x2bc arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:52 el0_svc_common+0x138/0x258 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:140 do_el0_svc+0x58/0x13c arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:204 el0_svc+0x58/0x138 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:637 el0t_64_sync_handler+0x84/0xf0 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:655 el0t_64_sync+0x18c/0x190 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:585 irq event stamp: 12935 hardirqs last enabled at (12934): [] __up_console_sem+0xb4/0x100 kernel/printk/printk.c:261 hardirqs last disabled at (12935): [] el1_dbg+0x24/0x80 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:405 softirqs last enabled at (12798): [] local_bh_enable+0x10/0x34 include/linux/bottom_half.h:32 softirqs last disabled at (12813): [] __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- vkms_vblank_simulate: vblank timer overrun ------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 5814 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0x154/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:28 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 PID: 5814 Comm: udevd Tainted: G W 6.1.141-syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05/07/2025 pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : refcount_warn_saturate+0x154/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:28 lr : refcount_warn_saturate+0x154/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:28 sp : ffff8000080178c0 x29: ffff8000080178c0 x28: ffff0000db198800 x27: 0000000000000000 x26: ffff0000d01ca370 x25: dfff800000000000 x24: 1fffe0001a039478 x23: 1fffe0001ad22379 x22: ffff0000c3cd8e00 x21: 00000000c0000000 x20: ffff0000d4f99d94 x19: ffff800017a32000 x18: 0000000000000000 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: ffff8000082d1c00 x15: 0000000000000000 x14: 00000000ffffffff x13: 0000000000000001 x12: 0000000000ff0100 x11: ff0080000819149c x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : e9ed307250371500 x8 : e9ed307250371500 x7 : 0000000000000001 x6 : 0000000000000001 x5 : ffff800008017358 x4 : ffff800015154700 x3 : ffff80000a83c7ec x2 : ffff00019f738cd0 x1 : 0000000000000100 x0 : 0000000000000000 Call trace: refcount_warn_saturate+0x154/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:28 __refcount_sub_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:283 [inline] __refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:315 [inline] refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:333 [inline] put_net include/net/net_namespace.h:276 [inline] tipc_aead_encrypt net/tipc/crypto.c:829 [inline] tipc_crypto_xmit+0x1664/0x2014 net/tipc/crypto.c:1761 tipc_bearer_xmit_skb+0x1f0/0x384 net/tipc/bearer.c:574 tipc_disc_timeout+0x4c8/0x608 net/tipc/discover.c:338 call_timer_fn+0x1b8/0x964 kernel/time/timer.c:1504 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1549 [inline] __run_timers+0x460/0x6bc kernel/time/timer.c:1820 run_timer_softirq+0x7c/0x114 kernel/time/timer.c:1833 handle_softirqs+0x318/0xc6c kernel/softirq.c:596 __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ____do_softirq+0x14/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:80 call_on_irq_stack+0x24/0x4c arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:893 do_softirq_own_stack+0x20/0x2c arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:85 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:477 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x23c/0x43c kernel/softirq.c:679 irq_exit_rcu+0x14/0x84 kernel/softirq.c:691 __el1_irq arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:472 [inline] el1_interrupt+0x38/0x54 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:486 el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x24 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:491 el1h_64_irq+0x64/0x68 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:581 __sanitizer_cov_trace_pc+0x88/0x94 kernel/kcov.c:232 validate_mm_mt+0x14c/0x3a8 mm/mmap.c:295 __split_vma+0x44/0x448 mm/mmap.c:2343 do_mas_align_munmap+0x2c8/0xeec mm/mmap.c:2468 do_mas_munmap mm/mmap.c:2638 [inline] __vm_munmap+0x250/0x380 mm/mmap.c:2924 __do_sys_munmap mm/mmap.c:2949 [inline] __se_sys_munmap mm/mmap.c:2946 [inline] __arm64_sys_munmap+0x64/0x7c mm/mmap.c:2946 __invoke_syscall arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:38 [inline] invoke_syscall+0x98/0x2bc arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:52 el0_svc_common+0x138/0x258 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:140 do_el0_svc+0x58/0x13c arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:204 el0_svc+0x58/0x138 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:637 el0t_64_sync_handler+0x84/0xf0 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:655 el0t_64_sync+0x18c/0x190 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:585 irq event stamp: 12965 hardirqs last enabled at (12964): [] __up_console_sem+0xb4/0x100 kernel/printk/printk.c:261 hardirqs last disabled at (12965): [] el1_dbg+0x24/0x80 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:405 softirqs last enabled at (12798): [] local_bh_enable+0x10/0x34 include/linux/bottom_half.h:32 softirqs last disabled at (12813): [] __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- vkms_vblank_simulate: vblank timer overrun ------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: saturated; leaking memory. WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 5891 at lib/refcount.c:22 refcount_warn_saturate+0x1b4/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:22 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 PID: 5891 Comm: dhcpcd-run-hook Tainted: G W 6.1.141-syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05/07/2025 pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : refcount_warn_saturate+0x1b4/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:22 lr : refcount_warn_saturate+0x1b4/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:22 sp : ffff8000080178c0 x29: ffff8000080178c0 x28: ffff0000f4074c00 x27: ffff0000c3cd8e08 x26: ffff0000d01ca370 x25: dfff800000000000 x24: 1fffe0001879b1c1 x23: ffff0000d9832800 x22: ffff0000d4f99d94 x21: 000000007ffffffe x20: ffff0000d4f99d94 x19: ffff800017a32000 x18: 0000000000000000 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: ffff8000082d1c00 x15: 0000000000000000 x14: 00000000ffffffff x13: 0000000000000001 x12: 0000000000ff0100 x11: ff0080000819149c x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : c63a539b52e1e400 x8 : c63a539b52e1e400 x7 : 0000000000000001 x6 : 0000000000000001 x5 : ffff800008017358 x4 : ffff800015154700 x3 : ffff80000852da40 x2 : 0000000000000001 x1 : 0000000000000100 x0 : 0000000000000000 Call trace: refcount_warn_saturate+0x1b4/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:22 __refcount_add include/linux/refcount.h:-1 [inline] __refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:250 [inline] refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:267 [inline] get_net include/net/net_namespace.h:257 [inline] tipc_aead_encrypt net/tipc/crypto.c:821 [inline] tipc_crypto_xmit+0x1518/0x2014 net/tipc/crypto.c:1761 tipc_bearer_xmit_skb+0x1f0/0x384 net/tipc/bearer.c:574 tipc_disc_timeout+0x4c8/0x608 net/tipc/discover.c:338 call_timer_fn+0x1b8/0x964 kernel/time/timer.c:1504 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1549 [inline] __run_timers+0x460/0x6bc kernel/time/timer.c:1820 run_timer_softirq+0x7c/0x114 kernel/time/timer.c:1833 handle_softirqs+0x318/0xc6c kernel/softirq.c:596 __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ____do_softirq+0x14/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:80 call_on_irq_stack+0x24/0x4c arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:893 do_softirq_own_stack+0x20/0x2c arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:85 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:477 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x23c/0x43c kernel/softirq.c:679 irq_exit_rcu+0x14/0x84 kernel/softirq.c:691 __el1_irq arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:472 [inline] el1_interrupt+0x38/0x54 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:486 el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x24 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:491 el1h_64_irq+0x64/0x68 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:581 path_init+0x74/0x1120 fs/namei.c:2349 path_lookupat+0x40/0x3d0 fs/namei.c:2469 filename_lookup+0x190/0x42c fs/namei.c:2508 user_path_at_empty+0x5c/0x84 fs/namei.c:2905 user_path_at include/linux/namei.h:57 [inline] user_statfs+0xa8/0x4f0 fs/statfs.c:103 __do_sys_statfs fs/statfs.c:195 [inline] __se_sys_statfs fs/statfs.c:192 [inline] __arm64_sys_statfs+0xc8/0x148 fs/statfs.c:192 __invoke_syscall arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:38 [inline] invoke_syscall+0x98/0x2bc arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:52 el0_svc_common+0x138/0x258 arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:140 do_el0_svc+0x58/0x13c arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:204 el0_svc+0x58/0x138 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:637 el0t_64_sync_handler+0x84/0xf0 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:655 el0t_64_sync+0x18c/0x190 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:585 irq event stamp: 5365 hardirqs last enabled at (5364): [] __up_console_sem+0xb4/0x100 kernel/printk/printk.c:261 hardirqs last disabled at (5365): [] el1_dbg+0x24/0x80 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:405 softirqs last enabled at (3966): [] local_bh_enable+0x10/0x34 include/linux/bottom_half.h:32 softirqs last disabled at (5333): [] __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- vkms_vblank_simulate: vblank timer overrun