------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: ./include/linux/ns_common.h:255 at __ns_ref_put include/linux/ns_common.h:255 [inline], CPU#0: syz.1.27/6120 WARNING: ./include/linux/ns_common.h:255 at put_user_ns include/linux/user_namespace.h:189 [inline], CPU#0: syz.1.27/6120 WARNING: ./include/linux/ns_common.h:255 at put_cred_rcu+0x2c5/0x340 kernel/cred.c:61, CPU#0: syz.1.27/6120 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6120 Comm: syz.1.27 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 RIP: 0010:__ns_ref_put include/linux/ns_common.h:255 [inline] RIP: 0010:put_user_ns include/linux/user_namespace.h:189 [inline] RIP: 0010:put_cred_rcu+0x2c5/0x340 kernel/cred.c:61 Code: 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f 5d e9 b8 41 8d 00 e8 03 77 32 00 4c 89 e7 be 03 00 00 00 e8 d6 19 07 03 e9 b8 fe ff ff e8 ec 76 32 00 90 <0f> 0b 90 eb 9f e8 e1 76 32 00 4c 89 ff be 03 00 00 00 e8 b4 19 07 RSP: 0018:ffffc90000007ba8 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: ffffffff818ee5a4 RBX: ffff88801c3762a0 RCX: ffff888027350000 RDX: 0000000000000100 RSI: 0000000000000004 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: 0000000000000004 R08: ffff888073d31eab R09: 1ffff1100e7a63d5 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed100e7a63d6 R12: dffffc0000000000 R13: ffff88801c376200 R14: ffff888073d31d18 R15: ffff888073d31ea8 FS: 00007fcce9f9d6c0(0000) GS:ffff888125a92000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00005555684fe808 CR3: 000000007ee2c000 CR4: 00000000003526f0 Call Trace: rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0xcab/0x1770 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2861 handle_softirqs+0x286/0x870 kernel/softirq.c:626 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:660 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0xca/0x1f0 kernel/softirq.c:727 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:743 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1052 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa6/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1052 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 RIP: 0010:lock_acquire+0x175/0x360 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5872 Code: 00 00 00 00 9c 8f 44 24 30 f7 44 24 30 00 02 00 00 0f 85 cd 00 00 00 f7 44 24 08 00 02 00 00 74 01 fb 65 48 8b 05 bb 94 1a 11 <48> 3b 44 24 58 0f 85 f2 00 00 00 48 83 c4 60 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e RSP: 0018:ffffc90002ec5f58 EFLAGS: 00000206 RAX: c3b7b02cbda44300 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: c3b7b02cbda44300 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff8dc69c71 RDI: ffffffff8be0fc60 RBP: ffffffff817420d5 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffffff817420d5 R10: ffffc90002ec6118 R11: ffffffff81ad6a10 R12: 0000000000000002 R13: ffffffff8e33b520 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000246 rcu_lock_acquire include/linux/rcupdate.h:331 [inline] rcu_read_lock include/linux/rcupdate.h:867 [inline] class_rcu_constructor include/linux/rcupdate.h:1195 [inline] unwind_next_frame+0xc2/0x2390 arch/x86/kernel/unwind_orc.c:479 arch_stack_walk+0x11c/0x150 arch/x86/kernel/stacktrace.c:25 stack_trace_save+0x9c/0xe0 kernel/stacktrace.c:122 save_stack+0xf5/0x1f0 mm/page_owner.c:165 __set_page_owner+0x8d/0x4c0 mm/page_owner.c:341 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1851 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1859 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3920 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5214 alloc_pages_mpol+0x232/0x4a0 mm/mempolicy.c:2479 folio_alloc_mpol_noprof+0x39/0x70 mm/mempolicy.c:2498 shmem_alloc_folio mm/shmem.c:1900 [inline] shmem_alloc_and_add_folio+0x423/0xf40 mm/shmem.c:1942 shmem_get_folio_gfp+0x59d/0x1660 mm/shmem.c:2565 shmem_get_folio mm/shmem.c:2671 [inline] shmem_write_begin+0xf7/0x2b0 mm/shmem.c:3320 generic_perform_write+0x2c5/0x900 mm/filemap.c:4313 shmem_file_write_iter+0xf8/0x120 mm/shmem.c:3495 __kernel_write_iter+0x428/0x910 fs/read_write.c:619 dump_emit_page fs/coredump.c:1298 [inline] dump_user_range+0x8a0/0xc90 fs/coredump.c:1372 elf_core_dump+0x3369/0x3960 fs/binfmt_elf.c:2111 coredump_write+0x116c/0x1900 fs/coredump.c:1049 vfs_coredump+0x1db5/0x2a60 fs/coredump.c:1170 get_signal+0x1108/0x1340 kernel/signal.c:3019 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0xa0/0x790 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337 exit_to_user_mode_loop kernel/entry/common.c:40 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline] irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0x7e/0x170 kernel/entry/common.c:73 exc_page_fault+0xab/0x100 arch/x86/mm/fault.c:1535 asm_exc_page_fault+0x26/0x30 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:618 RIP: 0033:0x7fcce918f6d1 Code: 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 48 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 48 c7 c1 a8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 83 c8 ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f RSP: 002b:0000000000000010 EFLAGS: 00010217 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00007fcce93e5fa0 RCX: 00007fcce918f6c9 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000010 RDI: 498144ee5f62e049 RBP: 00007fcce9211f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007fcce93e6038 R14: 00007fcce93e5fa0 R15: 00007ffd4dc9bfc8 ---------------- Code disassembly (best guess): 0: 00 00 add %al,(%rax) 2: 00 00 add %al,(%rax) 4: 9c pushf 5: 8f 44 24 30 pop 0x30(%rsp) 9: f7 44 24 30 00 02 00 testl $0x200,0x30(%rsp) 10: 00 11: 0f 85 cd 00 00 00 jne 0xe4 17: f7 44 24 08 00 02 00 testl $0x200,0x8(%rsp) 1e: 00 1f: 74 01 je 0x22 21: fb sti 22: 65 48 8b 05 bb 94 1a mov %gs:0x111a94bb(%rip),%rax # 0x111a94e5 29: 11 * 2a: 48 3b 44 24 58 cmp 0x58(%rsp),%rax <-- trapping instruction 2f: 0f 85 f2 00 00 00 jne 0x127 35: 48 83 c4 60 add $0x60,%rsp 39: 5b pop %rbx 3a: 41 5c pop %r12 3c: 41 5d pop %r13 3e: 41 5e pop %r14