------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: lib/refcount.c:28 at refcount_warn_saturate+0xb2/0x110 lib/refcount.c:28, CPU#0: swapper/0/0 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 04/18/2026 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0xb2/0x110 lib/refcount.c:28 Code: 64 80 89 0b 67 48 0f b9 3a eb 4a e8 a8 a4 13 fd 48 8d 3d 61 80 89 0b 67 48 0f b9 3a eb 37 e8 95 a4 13 fd 48 8d 3d 5e 80 89 0b <67> 48 0f b9 3a eb 24 e8 82 a4 13 fd 48 8d 3d 5b 80 89 0b 67 48 0f RSP: 0000:ffffc90000007c68 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: ffffffff84b21fcb RBX: 0000000000000003 RCX: ffffffff8e692ec0 RDX: 0000000000000100 RSI: ffffffff8f10fa60 RDI: ffffffff903ba030 RBP: ffffc90000007d70 R08: ffffffff8e692ec0 R09: 0000000000000005 R10: 0000000000000004 R11: 0000000000000100 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00000000ffffb730 R14: ffff8880339dd020 R15: ffff8880339dd1b8 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88812528a000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 000000008010f018 CR3: 00000000353c2000 CR4: 00000000003526f0 Call Trace: call_timer_fn+0x192/0x5e0 kernel/time/timer.c:1748 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1799 [inline] __run_timers kernel/time/timer.c:2374 [inline] __run_timer_base+0x652/0x8b0 kernel/time/timer.c:2386 run_timer_base kernel/time/timer.c:2395 [inline] run_timer_softirq+0xb7/0x170 kernel/time/timer.c:2405 handle_softirqs+0x22a/0x840 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0xca/0x220 kernel/softirq.c:735 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:752 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1061 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa6/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1061 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 RIP: 0010:pv_native_safe_halt+0xf/0x20 arch/x86/kernel/paravirt.c:63 Code: ab 7d 02 e9 93 f7 02 00 cc cc cc 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 f3 0f 1e fa 66 90 0f 00 2d d3 a1 20 00 fb f4 cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc 90 90 90 90 90 RSP: 0000:ffffffff8e607dc0 EFLAGS: 00000242 RAX: 000000000013af61 RBX: ffffffff819a958a RCX: 0000000080000001 RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: ffffffff8dfa6b05 RDI: ffffffff8c28af60 RBP: ffffffff8e607eb0 R08: ffff8880b86339db R09: 1ffff110170c673b R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed10170c673c R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 1ffffffff1cd25d8 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 1ffffffff1cd25d8 arch_safe_halt arch/x86/kernel/process.c:766 [inline] default_idle+0x9/0x20 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:767 default_idle_call+0x72/0xb0 kernel/sched/idle.c:122 cpuidle_idle_call kernel/sched/idle.c:199 [inline] do_idle+0x36a/0x5f0 kernel/sched/idle.c:352 cpu_startup_entry+0x43/0x60 kernel/sched/idle.c:451 rest_init+0x2de/0x300 init/main.c:762 start_kernel+0x38a/0x3e0 init/main.c:1220 x86_64_start_reservations+0x24/0x30 arch/x86/kernel/head64.c:310 x86_64_start_kernel+0x143/0x1c0 arch/x86/kernel/head64.c:291 common_startup_64+0x13e/0x147 ---------------- Code disassembly (best guess): 0: 64 80 89 0b 67 48 0f orb $0xb9,%fs:0xf48670b(%rcx) 7: b9 8: 3a eb cmp %bl,%ch a: 4a e8 a8 a4 13 fd rex.WX call 0xfd13a4b8 10: 48 8d 3d 61 80 89 0b lea 0xb898061(%rip),%rdi # 0xb898078 17: 67 48 0f b9 3a ud1 (%edx),%rdi 1c: eb 37 jmp 0x55 1e: e8 95 a4 13 fd call 0xfd13a4b8 23: 48 8d 3d 5e 80 89 0b lea 0xb89805e(%rip),%rdi # 0xb898088 * 2a: 67 48 0f b9 3a ud1 (%edx),%rdi <-- trapping instruction 2f: eb 24 jmp 0x55 31: e8 82 a4 13 fd call 0xfd13a4b8 36: 48 8d 3d 5b 80 89 0b lea 0xb89805b(%rip),%rdi # 0xb898098 3d: 67 addr32 3e: 48 rex.W 3f: 0f .byte 0xf