kernel: protection fault trap, code=0 Stopped at pf_anchor_global_RB_REMOVE+0x58: movq 0(%r12),%rbx ddb{0}> ddb{0}> set $lines = 0 ddb{0}> set $maxwidth = 0 ddb{0}> show panic the kernel did not panic ddb{0}> trace pf_anchor_global_RB_REMOVE(ffffffff829f0f10,ffff800000e00000) at pf_anchor_global_RB_REMOVE+0x58 sys/net/pf_ruleset.c:84 pf_remove_if_empty_ruleset(ffff800000e00490) at pf_remove_if_empty_ruleset+0xdd sys/net/pf_ruleset.c:300 pfi_dynaddr_setup(ffff800000e632c8,0) at pfi_dynaddr_setup+0x411 sys/net/pf_if.c:485 pfioctl(4900,cd60441a,ffff800000c0a000,3,ffff800026ce27e8) at pfioctl+0x8e11 pf_addr_setup sys/net/pf_ioctl.c:893 [inline] pfioctl(4900,cd60441a,ffff800000c0a000,3,ffff800026ce27e8) at pfioctl+0x8e11 sys/net/pf_ioctl.c:1652 VOP_IOCTL(fffffd806f81bd48,cd60441a,ffff800000c0a000,3,fffffd807f7d8720,ffff800026ce27e8) at VOP_IOCTL+0x96 sys/kern/vfs_vops.c:264 vn_ioctl(fffffd80664951e8,cd60441a,ffff800000c0a000,ffff800026ce27e8) at vn_ioctl+0xbc sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:531 sys_ioctl(ffff800026ce27e8,ffff80002e401ef8,ffff80002e401f50) at sys_ioctl+0x4a2 syscall(ffff80002e401fc0) at syscall+0x489 mi_syscall sys/sys/syscall_mi.h:102 [inline] syscall(ffff80002e401fc0) at syscall+0x489 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/trap.c:585 Xsyscall() at Xsyscall+0x128 end of kernel end trace frame: 0x619607ff240, count: -9 ddb{0}> show registers rdi 0xffff800025e9c000 rsi 0x1962 __ALIGN_SIZE+0x962 rbp 0xffff80002e4019d0 rbx 0xffffffff829f0f10 pf_anchors rdx 0xffff800025e9c000 rcx 0x1961 __ALIGN_SIZE+0x961 rax 0xffffffff817676eb pf_anchor_global_RB_REMOVE+0x2b r8 0x400 r9 0x8080808080808080 r10 0x7d12628ad92b3f82 r11 0xd40c551d57e35209 r12 0x3ba0504b30ab519 r13 0xffffffff829f0f18 pf_main_anchor r14 0xffff800000e00000 r15 0xdead007fdeadbeef rip 0xffffffff81767718 pf_anchor_global_RB_REMOVE+0x58 cs 0x8 rflags 0x10202 __ALIGN_SIZE+0xf202 rsp 0xffff80002e401980 ss 0x10 pf_anchor_global_RB_REMOVE+0x58: movq 0(%r12),%rbx ddb{0}> show proc PROC (syz-executor.4) pid=270086 stat=onproc flags process=0 proc=4000000 pri=32, usrpri=84, nice=20 forw=0xffffffffffffffff, list=0xffff800026ce3508,0xffff8000ffff5a50 process=0xffff800026ce4c90 user=0xffff80002e3fd000, vmspace=0xfffffd8064db0e80 estcpu=34, cpticks=1, pctcpu=0.0 user=0, sys=1, intr=0 ddb{0}> ps PID TID PPID UID S FLAGS WAIT COMMAND 50706 328061 21839 0 2 0 syz-executor.2 92210 197527 84669 0 2 0 syz-executor.7 95327 1813 60149 0 2 0 syz-executor.5 95327 252511 60149 0 3 0x4000080 pipewr syz-executor.5 47498 406254 56905 0 2 0 syz-executor.1 47498 394155 56905 0 3 0x4000080 fsleep syz-executor.1 99641 43006 21097 0 2 0x480 syz-executor.3 99641 303821 21097 0 3 0x4000080 fsleep syz-executor.3 89444 139326 99356 0 2 0 syz-executor.4 *89444 270086 99356 0 7 0x4000000 syz-executor.4 21839 106926 81222 0 3 0x82 nanoslp syz-executor.2 84669 465849 81222 0 2 0x482 syz-executor.7 60149 382415 81222 0 3 0x82 nanoslp syz-executor.5 21097 216534 81222 0 3 0x82 nanoslp syz-executor.3 56905 346262 81222 0 3 0x82 nanoslp syz-executor.1 40069 509798 0 0 3 0x14200 acct acct 52360 411140 81222 0 2 0x2 syz-executor.0 99356 538 81222 0 3 0x82 nanoslp syz-executor.4 81231 455089 1 0 3 0x100083 ttyin getty 56373 243551 81222 0 2 0x2 syz-executor.6 82221 158515 0 0 3 0x14200 bored sosplice 81222 420398 20527 0 3 0x82 kqread syz-fuzzer 81222 369528 20527 0 2 0x4000482 syz-fuzzer 81222 53719 20527 0 3 0x4000082 thrsleep syz-fuzzer 81222 346091 20527 0 2 0x4000482 syz-fuzzer 81222 522263 20527 0 3 0x4000082 thrsleep syz-fuzzer 81222 372437 20527 0 3 0x4000082 thrsleep syz-fuzzer 81222 433935 20527 0 3 0x4000082 thrsleep syz-fuzzer 81222 6016 20527 0 3 0x4000082 thrsleep syz-fuzzer 81222 33442 20527 0 3 0x4000082 thrsleep syz-fuzzer 20527 286892 17892 0 3 0x10008a sigsusp ksh 17892 74704 58459 0 3 0x9a kqread sshd 58459 197575 1 0 3 0x88 kqread sshd 4011 264132 49135 74 3 0x1100092 bpf pflogd 49135 382200 1 0 3 0x80 netio pflogd 89445 362052 12990 73 3 0x1100090 kqread syslogd 12990 363100 1 0 3 0x100082 netio syslogd 47065 306286 1 0 3 0x100080 kqread resolvd 2947 237665 5145 77 3 0x100092 kqread dhcpleased 79038 365411 5145 77 3 0x100092 kqread dhcpleased 5145 414730 1 0 3 0x80 kqread dhcpleased 32426 198019 0 0 3 0x14200 bored smr 53309 507383 0 0 2 0x14200 zerothread 91620 371038 0 0 3 0x14200 aiodoned aiodoned 86267 503594 0 0 3 0x14200 syncer update 40908 29431 0 0 3 0x14200 cleaner cleaner 53949 355912 0 0 3 0x14200 reaper reaper 54095 215266 0 0 3 0x14200 pgdaemon pagedaemon 25128 4143 0 0 3 0x14200 bored viomb 72599 57991 0 0 3 0x40014200 acpi0 acpi0 39223 123836 0 0 7 0x40014200 idle1 11464 162569 0 0 3 0x14200 bored softnet 10977 68741 0 0 3 0x14200 bored systqmp 10626 83315 0 0 3 0x14200 bored systq 32110 341951 0 0 3 0x40014200 bored softclock 17413 97423 0 0 3 0x40014200 idle0 1 378271 0 0 3 0x82 wait init 0 0 -1 0 3 0x10200 scheduler swapper ddb{0}> show all locks Process 89444 (syz-executor.4) thread 0xffff800026ce27e8 (270086) exclusive rwlock pf_lock r = 0 (0xffffffff829af0e0) #0 witness_lock+0x44d #1 pfioctl+0x5be8 sys/net/pf_ioctl.c:1607 #2 VOP_IOCTL+0x96 sys/kern/vfs_vops.c:264 #3 vn_ioctl+0xbc sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:531 #4 sys_ioctl+0x4a2 #5 syscall+0x489 mi_syscall sys/sys/syscall_mi.h:102 [inline] #5 syscall+0x489 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/trap.c:585 #6 Xsyscall+0x128 exclusive rwlock netlock r = 0 (0xffffffff8299f4a0) #0 witness_lock+0x44d #1 pfioctl+0x3708 sys/net/pf_ioctl.c:1607 #2 VOP_IOCTL+0x96 sys/kern/vfs_vops.c:264 #3 vn_ioctl+0xbc sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:531 #4 sys_ioctl+0x4a2 #5 syscall+0x489 mi_syscall sys/sys/syscall_mi.h:102 [inline] #5 syscall+0x489 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/trap.c:585 #6 Xsyscall+0x128 exclusive rwlock pfioctl_rw r = 0 (0xffffffff829af140) #0 witness_lock+0x44d #1 pfioctl+0x15e sys/net/pf_ioctl.c:1147 #2 VOP_IOCTL+0x96 sys/kern/vfs_vops.c:264 #3 vn_ioctl+0xbc sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:531 #4 sys_ioctl+0x4a2 #5 syscall+0x489 mi_syscall sys/sys/syscall_mi.h:102 [inline] #5 syscall+0x489 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/trap.c:585 #6 Xsyscall+0x128 exclusive kernel_lock &kernel_lock r = 0 (0xffffffff829d8b50) #0 witness_lock+0x44d #1 vn_ioctl+0x41 sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:514 #2 sys_ioctl+0x4a2 #3 syscall+0x489 mi_syscall sys/sys/syscall_mi.h:102 [inline] #3 syscall+0x489 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/trap.c:585 #4 Xsyscall+0x128 Process 52360 (syz-executor.0) thread 0xffff8000ffff1a40 (411140) exclusive rrwlock inode r = 0 (0xfffffd8065d081b8) #0 witness_lock+0x44d #1 rw_enter+0x3e1 sys/kern/kern_rwlock.c:310 #2 rrw_enter+0x8b sys/kern/kern_rwlock.c:461 #3 VOP_LOCK+0x87 sys/kern/vfs_vops.c:534 #4 ufs_ihashins+0x42 sys/ufs/ufs/ufs_ihash.c:140 #5 ffs_vget+0x141 sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_vfsops.c:1347 #6 ffs_inode_alloc+0x1be sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_alloc.c:394 #7 ufs_mkdir+0xf4 sys/ufs/ufs/ufs_vnops.c:1162 #8 VOP_MKDIR+0xbf sys/kern/vfs_vops.c:404 #9 domkdirat+0x121 sys/kern/vfs_syscalls.c:3101 #10 syscall+0x489 mi_syscall sys/sys/syscall_mi.h:102 [inline] #10 syscall+0x489 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/trap.c:585 #11 Xsyscall+0x128 exclusive rrwlock inode r = 0 (0xfffffd8065d08928) #0 witness_lock+0x44d #1 rw_enter+0x3e1 sys/kern/kern_rwlock.c:310 #2 rrw_enter+0x8b sys/kern/kern_rwlock.c:461 #3 VOP_LOCK+0x87 sys/kern/vfs_vops.c:534 #4 vn_lock+0x84 sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:579 #5 vfs_lookup+0xd1 sys/kern/vfs_lookup.c:413 #6 namei+0x36a sys/kern/vfs_lookup.c:245 #7 domkdirat+0x75 sys/kern/vfs_syscalls.c:3086 #8 syscall+0x489 mi_syscall sys/sys/syscall_mi.h:102 [inline] #8 syscall+0x489 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/trap.c:585 #9 Xsyscall+0x128 ddb{0}> show malloc Type InUse MemUse HighUse Limit Requests Type Lim devbuf 10241 6699K 8077K 78643K 41497 0 pcb 13 18K 20K 78643K 2136 0 rtable 218 16K 17K 78643K 2548 0 ifaddr 101 23K 25K 78643K 1184 0 sysctl 3 1K 1K 78643K 3 0 counters 56 35K 35K 78643K 378 0 ioctlops 1 4K 8K 78643K 4543 0 iov 0 0K 28K 78643K 1962 0 mount 1 1K 1K 78643K 1 0 log 0 0K 0K 78643K 5 0 vnodes 1821 114K 114K 78643K 12330 0 UFS quota 1 32K 32K 78643K 1 0 UFS mount 5 36K 36K 78643K 5 0 shm 2 1K 9K 78643K 199 0 VM map 2 1K 1K 78643K 2 0 sem 12 0K 0K 78643K 1869 0 dirhash 12 2K 2K 78643K 12 0 ACPI 1697 195K 286K 78643K 12548 0 file desc 16 57K 89K 78643K 15292 0 sigio 0 0K 0K 78643K 95 0 proc 72 87K 124K 78643K 2401 0 subproc 104 6K 17K 78643K 888 0 NFS srvsock 1 0K 0K 78643K 1 0 NFS daemon 1 16K 16K 78643K 1 0 ip_moptions 0 0K 0K 78643K 745 0 in_multi 86 5K 7K 78643K 910 0 ether_multi 1 0K 0K 78643K 108 0 mrt 1 0K 0K 78643K 76 0 ISOFS mount 1 32K 32K 78643K 1 0 MSDOSFS mount 1 16K 16K 78643K 1 0 ttys 259 1155K 1155K 78643K 259 0 exec 0 0K 2K 78643K 2796 0 pfkey data 0 0K 0K 78643K 3 0 tdb 3 0K 0K 78643K 3 0 pagedep 1 8K 8K 78643K 1 0 inodedep 1 32K 32K 78643K 1 0 newblk 1 0K 0K 78643K 1 0 VM swap 7 26K 26K 78643K 7 0 UVM amap 617 1191K 1195K 78643K 188452 0 UVM aobj 131 5K 5K 78643K 141 0 memdesc 1 4K 4K 78643K 1 0 crypto data 1 1K 1K 78643K 1 0 ip6_options 1 0K 0K 78643K 2533 0 NDP 14 0K 1K 78643K 293 0 temp 171 4775K 5019K 78643K 155670 0 kqueue 12 18K 26K 78643K 831 0 SYN cache 2 16K 16K 78643K 2 0 ddb{0}> show all pools Name Size Requests Fail Releases Pgreq Pgrel Npage Hiwat Minpg Maxpg Idle plcache 128 22 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 rtpcb 120 694 0 691 9 8 1 4 0 8 0 rtentry 112 794 0 703 4 0 4 4 0 8 0 unpcb 136 9385 0 9370 98 97 1 6 0 8 0 syncache 296 61 0 61 19 19 0 1 0 8 0 tcpqe 32 117 0 117 9 9 0 1 0 8 0 tcpcb 736 8911 0 8901 190 188 2 15 0 8 0 arp 120 120 0 104 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 inpcb 312 21958 0 21942 178 175 3 14 0 8 1 rttmr 72 23 0 23 6 6 0 1 0 8 0 nd6 48 183 0 162 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 pkpcb 40 180 0 180 5 5 0 1 0 8 0 kcovpl 48 54 0 46 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 ppxss 1248 65 0 65 14 14 0 1 0 8 0 pfstscr 40 120 0 119 5 4 1 1 0 8 0 pffrag 232 161 0 160 3 2 1 1 0 482 0 pffrnode 88 161 0 160 3 2 1 1 0 8 0 pffrent 40 453 0 452 3 2 1 1 0 8 0 pfosfp 40 1470 0 1046 5 0 5 5 0 8 0 pfosfpen 112 1470 0 755 21 0 21 21 0 8 0 pfrktable 1344 86 13 83 6 5 1 1 0 8 0 pftag 88 13 0 9 3 2 1 1 0 8 0 pfqueue 264 38 0 38 2 1 1 1 0 8 1 pfstitem 24 45 0 41 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 pfstkey 112 430 0 426 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 pfstate 320 231 0 228 2 1 1 2 0 8 0 pfrule 1360 981 0 942 11 7 4 5 0 8 0 art_heap8 4096 2 0 1 2 1 1 2 0 8 0 art_heap4 256 3653 0 3276 54 27 27 30 0 8 0 art_table 32 3655 0 3277 4 0 4 4 0 8 0 art_node 16 782 0 704 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 sysvmsgpl 40 6 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 semapl 112 1866 0 1856 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 shmpl 112 138 0 10 4 0 4 4 0 8 0 dirhash 1024 17 0 0 3 0 3 3 0 8 0 dino2pl 256 21819 0 20348 93 0 93 93 0 8 0 ffsino 272 21819 0 20348 99 0 99 99 0 8 0 nchpl 144 42201 0 40576 63 0 63 63 0 8 0 uvmvnodes 80 5926 0 0 121 0 121 121 0 8 0 vnodes 224 5926 0 0 349 0 349 349 0 8 0 namei 1024 154722 0 154721 4 3 1 2 0 8 0 percpumem 16 201 0 161 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 vcpupl 2048 222 0 0 28 0 28 28 0 8 0 vmpool 560 247 0 25 17 1 16 16 0 8 0 pfiaddrpl 120 37 0 36 5 4 1 1 0 8 0 scsiplug 72 22 0 22 5 5 0 1 0 8 0 scxspl 216 111052 0 111052 14 13 1 7 0 8 1 plimitpl 152 1296 0 1281 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 sigapl 424 15588 0 15543 8 0 8 8 0 8 0 futexpl 64 149486 0 149484 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 knotepl 120 770 0 0 8 0 8 8 0 8 0 kqueuepl 216 2580 0 2570 47 46 1 5 0 8 0 pipepl 336 2549 0 2519 64 61 3 11 0 8 0 fdescpl 496 15491 0 15462 5 1 4 5 0 8 0 filepl 152 112938 0 112682 176 165 11 22 0 8 0 lockfpl 104 3879 0 3877 9 8 1 3 0 8 0 lockfspl 48 1024 0 1022 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 sessionpl 144 71 0 54 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 pgrppl 48 219 0 202 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 ucredpl 96 20368 0 20354 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 zombiepl 144 15543 0 15543 3 2 1 1 0 8 1 processpl 1064 15588 0 15543 5 0 5 5 0 8 0 procpl 672 39217 0 39160 19 11 8 9 0 8 0 srpgc 96 50 0 50 12 12 0 1 0 8 0 sosppl 168 103 0 103 16 16 0 1 0 8 0 sockpl 480 32312 0 32273 615 607 8 34 0 8 2 mcl64k 65536 18 0 0 3 0 3 3 0 8 0 mcl16k 16384 17 0 0 3 0 3 3 0 8 0 mcl12k 12288 17 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 8 0 mcl9k 9216 17 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 8 0 mcl8k 8192 18 0 0 3 0 3 3 0 8 0 mcl4k 4096 14 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 8 0 mcl2k2 2112 8 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 mcl2k 2048 364 0 0 23 1 22 22 0 8 1 mtagpl 96 1251 0 0 24 0 24 24 0 8 0 mbufpl 256 1534 0 0 75 0 75 75 0 8 0 bufpl 288 24786 0 18450 453 0 453 453 0 8 0 anonpl 24 4316717 0 4292921 334 169 165 189 0 186 0 amapchunkpl 152 453694 0 452728 114 71 43 52 0 158 1 amappl16 200 44847 0 43907 198 146 52 63 0 8 0 amappl15 192 3518 0 3511 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 amappl14 184 1221 0 1213 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 amappl13 176 2123 0 2122 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 amappl12 168 633 0 629 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 amappl11 160 1761 0 1746 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 amappl10 152 1121 0 1108 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 amappl9 144 2240 0 2238 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 amappl8 136 6176 0 6023 6 0 6 6 0 8 0 amappl7 128 4683 0 4668 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 amappl6 120 2099 0 2068 4 3 1 2 0 8 0 amappl5 112 14422 0 14399 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 amappl4 104 5221 0 5187 2 1 1 2 0 8 0 amappl3 96 3237 0 3224 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 amappl2 88 3689 0 3639 3 1 2 3 0 8 0 amappl1 80 270621 0 270047 20 6 14 19 0 8 0 amappl 88 186792 0 186450 11 2 9 9 0 92 0 dma4096 4096 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 8 0 dma1024 1024 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 dma256 256 6 0 6 1 1 0 1 0 8 0 dma128 128 253 0 253 1 1 0 1 0 8 0 dma64 64 6 0 6 1 1 0 1 0 8 0 dma32 32 7 0 7 1 1 0 1 0 8 0 dma16 16 18 0 17 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 aobjpl 72 140 0 10 3 0 3 3 0 8 0 uaddrrnd 24 15738 0 15487 2 0 2 2 0 8 0 uaddrbest 32 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 uaddr 24 15738 0 15487 2 0 2 2 0 8 0 vmmpekpl 168 109281 0 109195 5 0 5 5 0 8 0 vmmpepl 168 1405702 0 1402251 411 247 164 180 0 357 0 vmsppl 368 15737 0 15487 23 0 23 23 0 8 0 rwobjpl 56 333748 0 325608 144 26 118 120 0 8 0 pdppl 4096 31483 0 31196 815 524 291 291 0 8 4 pvpl 32 7090970 0 7067332 510 285 225 258 0 265 10 pmappl 248 15737 0 15487 16 0 16 16 0 8 0 extentpl 40 58 0 38 1 0 1 1 0 8 0 phpool 112 2129 0 989 34 0 34 34 0 8 0 ddb{0}> machine ddbcpu 0 Invalid cpu 0 ddb{0}> trace pf_anchor_global_RB_REMOVE(ffffffff829f0f10,ffff800000e00000) at pf_anchor_global_RB_REMOVE+0x58 sys/net/pf_ruleset.c:84 pf_remove_if_empty_ruleset(ffff800000e00490) at pf_remove_if_empty_ruleset+0xdd sys/net/pf_ruleset.c:300 pfi_dynaddr_setup(ffff800000e632c8,0) at pfi_dynaddr_setup+0x411 sys/net/pf_if.c:485 pfioctl(4900,cd60441a,ffff800000c0a000,3,ffff800026ce27e8) at pfioctl+0x8e11 pf_addr_setup sys/net/pf_ioctl.c:893 [inline] pfioctl(4900,cd60441a,ffff800000c0a000,3,ffff800026ce27e8) at pfioctl+0x8e11 sys/net/pf_ioctl.c:1652 VOP_IOCTL(fffffd806f81bd48,cd60441a,ffff800000c0a000,3,fffffd807f7d8720,ffff800026ce27e8) at VOP_IOCTL+0x96 sys/kern/vfs_vops.c:264 vn_ioctl(fffffd80664951e8,cd60441a,ffff800000c0a000,ffff800026ce27e8) at vn_ioctl+0xbc sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:531 sys_ioctl(ffff800026ce27e8,ffff80002e401ef8,ffff80002e401f50) at sys_ioctl+0x4a2 syscall(ffff80002e401fc0) at syscall+0x489 mi_syscall sys/sys/syscall_mi.h:102 [inline] syscall(ffff80002e401fc0) at syscall+0x489 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/trap.c:585 Xsyscall() at Xsyscall+0x128 end of kernel end trace frame: 0x619607ff240, count: -9 ddb{0}> machine ddbcpu 1 Stopped at x86_ipi_db+0x1a: addq $0x8,%rsp ddb{1}> trace x86_ipi_db(ffff800020ce8ff0) at x86_ipi_db+0x1a sys/arch/amd64/amd64/db_interface.c:393 x86_ipi_handler() at x86_ipi_handler+0xb7 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/ipi.c:106 Xresume_lapic_ipi() at Xresume_lapic_ipi+0x23 acpicpu_idle() at acpicpu_idle+0x312 sys/dev/acpi/acpicpu.c:1206 sched_idle(ffff800020ce8ff0) at sched_idle+0x417 sys/kern/kern_sched.c:178 end trace frame: 0x0, count: -5