=============================
WARNING: suspicious RCU usage
syzkaller #0 Not tainted
-----------------------------
net/sched/sch_api.c:304 suspicious rcu_dereference_protected() usage!

other info that might help us debug this:


rcu_scheduler_active = 2, debug_locks = 1
4 locks held by syz.3.3487/20226:
 #0: ffffffff8c31eaa0 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:2}, at: rcu_lock_acquire+0x9/0x30 include/linux/rcupdate.h:313
 #1: ffff8880248fd948 (dev->qdisc_running_key ?: &qdisc_running_key){+...}-{0:0}, at: net_tx_action+0x6d9/0x880 net/core/dev.c:5128
 #2: ffff8880248fd908 (&sch->q.lock){+.-.}-{2:2}, at: spin_lock include/linux/spinlock.h:364 [inline]
 #2: ffff8880248fd908 (&sch->q.lock){+.-.}-{2:2}, at: sch_direct_xmit+0x311/0x4b0 net/sched/sch_generic.c:357
 #3: ffffffff8c31eaa0 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:2}, at: rcu_lock_acquire+0x5/0x30 include/linux/rcupdate.h:312

stack backtrace:
CPU: 1 PID: 20226 Comm: syz.3.3487 Not tainted syzkaller #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/24/2026
Call Trace:
 <IRQ>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x188/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:106
 qdisc_lookup+0xa6/0x650 net/sched/sch_api.c:304
 qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog+0x190/0x430 net/sched/sch_api.c:783
 cake_dequeue+0x1bd6/0x4b10 net/sched/sch_cake.c:2205
 qdisc_peek_dequeued+0x6e/0x1f0 include/net/sch_generic.h:1115
 tbf_dequeue+0x7d/0xce0 net/sched/sch_tbf.c:265
 dequeue_skb net/sched/sch_generic.c:295 [inline]
 qdisc_restart net/sched/sch_generic.c:400 [inline]
 __qdisc_run+0x236/0x1490 net/sched/sch_generic.c:418
 qdisc_run+0x103/0x2f0 include/net/pkt_sched.h:131
 net_tx_action+0x6d9/0x880 net/core/dev.c:5128
 handle_softirqs+0x339/0x830 kernel/softirq.c:576
 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:610 [inline]
 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:450 [inline]
 __irq_exit_rcu+0x13b/0x230 kernel/softirq.c:659
 irq_exit_rcu+0x5/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:671
 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1108 [inline]
 sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa0/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1108
 </IRQ>
 <TASK>
 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x16/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:676
RIP: 0010:lock_release+0x5a4/0x8a0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5647
Code: 80 00 00 00 f7 84 24 80 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 43 c6 44 2c 04 f8 75 6f 41 f7 c7 00 02 00 00 74 01 fb 48 c7 44 24 60 0e 36 e0 45 <4b> c7 04 2c 00 00 00 00 43 c7 44 2c 08 00 00 00 00 65 48 8b 04 25
RSP: 0018:ffffc90003baf500 EFLAGS: 00000206
RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: ffffffffffffffff RCX: 479191a2705e1200
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff8a2b3a20 RDI: ffffffff8a79f780
RBP: ffffc90003baf618 R08: ffffffff8d89d8af R09: 1ffffffff1b13b15
R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffffbfff1b13b16 R12: 1ffff92000775eac
R13: dffffc0000000000 R14: ffff888020f24660 R15: 0000000000000246
 __mem_cgroup_uncharge_list+0x6c/0xc0 mm/memcontrol.c:7004
 mem_cgroup_uncharge_list include/linux/memcontrol.h:720 [inline]
 release_pages+0x1864/0x1be0 mm/swap.c:962
 tlb_batch_pages_flush mm/mmu_gather.c:49 [inline]
 tlb_flush_mmu_free mm/mmu_gather.c:240 [inline]
 tlb_flush_mmu mm/mmu_gather.c:247 [inline]
 tlb_finish_mmu+0x176/0x300 mm/mmu_gather.c:338
 exit_mmap+0x3d0/0x640 mm/mmap.c:3218
 __mmput+0x115/0x3b0 kernel/fork.c:1127
 exit_mm+0x588/0x6e0 kernel/exit.c:550
 do_exit+0x5a9/0x20c0 kernel/exit.c:870
 do_group_exit+0x12e/0x300 kernel/exit.c:997
 get_signal+0x6ca/0x12c0 kernel/signal.c:2900
 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0xe7/0x12c0 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:867
 handle_signal_work kernel/entry/common.c:154 [inline]
 exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x9e/0x130 kernel/entry/common.c:178
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0xee/0x180 kernel/entry/common.c:214
 __syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work kernel/entry/common.c:296 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x16/0x40 kernel/entry/common.c:307
 do_syscall_64+0x58/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:86
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x66/0xd0
RIP: 0033:0x7fe0e322aeb9
Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at RIP 0x7fe0e322ae8f.
RSP: 002b:00007fe0e14650e8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000ca
RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: 00007fe0e34a6098 RCX: 00007fe0e322aeb9
RDX: 00000000000f4240 RSI: 0000000000000081 RDI: 00007fe0e34a609c
RBP: 00007fe0e34a6090 R08: 0037e0d4eef6a54e R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007fe0e34a6128 R14: 00007ffe77e16740 R15: 00007ffe77e16828
 </TASK>
----------------
Code disassembly (best guess):
   0:	80 00 00             	addb   $0x0,(%rax)
   3:	00 f7                	add    %dh,%bh
   5:	84 24 80             	test   %ah,(%rax,%rax,4)
   8:	00 00                	add    %al,(%rax)
   a:	00 00                	add    %al,(%rax)
   c:	02 00                	add    (%rax),%al
   e:	00 43 c6             	add    %al,-0x3a(%rbx)
  11:	44 2c 04             	rex.R sub $0x4,%al
  14:	f8                   	clc
  15:	75 6f                	jne    0x86
  17:	41 f7 c7 00 02 00 00 	test   $0x200,%r15d
  1e:	74 01                	je     0x21
  20:	fb                   	sti
  21:	48 c7 44 24 60 0e 36 	movq   $0x45e0360e,0x60(%rsp)
  28:	e0 45
* 2a:	4b c7 04 2c 00 00 00 	movq   $0x0,(%r12,%r13,1) <-- trapping instruction
  31:	00
  32:	43 c7 44 2c 08 00 00 	movl   $0x0,0x8(%r12,%r13,1)
  39:	00 00
  3b:	65                   	gs
  3c:	48                   	rex.W
  3d:	8b                   	.byte 0x8b
  3e:	04 25                	add    $0x25,%al