================================================================== BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in kobject_get+0x113/0x120 lib/kobject.c:663 Read of size 1 at addr ffff88811100283c by task syz.8.1766/6379 CPU: 0 PID: 6379 Comm: syz.8.1766 Tainted: G W syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/24/2026 Call Trace: __dump_stack+0x21/0x30 lib/dump_stack.c:88 dump_stack_lvl+0x110/0x170 lib/dump_stack.c:106 print_address_description+0x7f/0x2c0 mm/kasan/report.c:248 __kasan_report mm/kasan/report.c:427 [inline] kasan_report+0x10f/0x150 mm/kasan/report.c:444 __asan_report_load1_noabort+0x14/0x20 mm/kasan/report_generic.c:306 kobject_get+0x113/0x120 lib/kobject.c:663 get_device drivers/base/core.c:3518 [inline] device_add+0x2f0/0xe90 drivers/base/core.c:3342 device_create_groups_vargs drivers/base/core.c:4118 [inline] device_create+0x26c/0x300 drivers/base/core.c:4160 create_function_device+0x60/0x70 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:31 create_alsa_device drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1262 [inline] f_midi_alloc_inst+0x1a8/0x380 drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1303 try_get_usb_function_instance drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:28 [inline] usb_get_function_instance+0xe2/0x2f0 drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:44 function_make+0x118/0x350 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:642 configfs_mkdir+0x50a/0x9c0 fs/configfs/dir.c:1329 vfs_mkdir+0x38b/0x590 fs/namei.c:4073 do_mkdirat+0x174/0x4d0 fs/namei.c:4098 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4113 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4111 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x89/0xa0 fs/namei.c:4111 x64_sys_call+0x37e/0x9a0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:259 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x4c/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x66/0xd0 RIP: 0033:0x7f341ef48019 Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f341d9a1028 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000102 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f341f1cffa0 RCX: 00007f341ef48019 RDX: 00000000000001ff RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: ffffffffffffff9c RBP: 00007f341efdf00c R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f341f1d0038 R14: 00007f341f1cffa0 R15: 00007ffe245af8f8 Allocated by task 4644: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:38 [inline] kasan_set_track mm/kasan/common.c:45 [inline] set_alloc_info mm/kasan/common.c:433 [inline] ____kasan_kmalloc mm/kasan/common.c:512 [inline] __kasan_kmalloc+0xd4/0x100 mm/kasan/common.c:521 kasan_kmalloc include/linux/kasan.h:227 [inline] __kmalloc_track_caller+0x13c/0x2c0 mm/slub.c:4959 kmalloc_reserve net/core/skbuff.c:357 [inline] __alloc_skb+0x210/0x730 net/core/skbuff.c:428 __napi_alloc_skb+0x162/0x2e0 net/core/skbuff.c:569 napi_alloc_skb include/linux/skbuff.h:3102 [inline] page_to_skb+0x274/0xb60 drivers/net/virtio_net.c:474 receive_mergeable drivers/net/virtio_net.c:1102 [inline] receive_buf+0xcd3/0x4bc0 drivers/net/virtio_net.c:1212 virtnet_receive drivers/net/virtio_net.c:1504 [inline] virtnet_poll+0x510/0xe90 drivers/net/virtio_net.c:1617 __napi_poll+0xbb/0x580 net/core/dev.c:7109 napi_poll net/core/dev.c:7176 [inline] net_rx_action+0x37f/0x910 net/core/dev.c:7266 handle_softirqs+0x250/0x560 kernel/softirq.c:583 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:621 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:443 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x52/0xf0 kernel/softirq.c:670 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x10 kernel/softirq.c:682 common_interrupt+0xbe/0xe0 arch/x86/kernel/irq.c:242 asm_common_interrupt+0x27/0x40 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:667 Freed by task 4644: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:38 [inline] kasan_set_track+0x4a/0x70 mm/kasan/common.c:45 kasan_set_free_info+0x23/0x40 mm/kasan/generic.c:370 ____kasan_slab_free+0x125/0x160 mm/kasan/common.c:365 __kasan_slab_free+0x11/0x20 mm/kasan/common.c:373 kasan_slab_free include/linux/kasan.h:193 [inline] slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1728 [inline] slab_free_freelist_hook+0xc2/0x190 mm/slub.c:1754 slab_free mm/slub.c:3526 [inline] kfree+0xc4/0x270 mm/slub.c:4588 skb_free_head net/core/skbuff.c:656 [inline] skb_release_data+0x7bd/0xa20 net/core/skbuff.c:678 skb_release_all net/core/skbuff.c:743 [inline] __kfree_skb net/core/skbuff.c:757 [inline] kfree_skb_partial+0x6e/0x90 net/core/skbuff.c:5466 tcp_add_backlog+0x10ea/0x17a0 net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c:1913 tcp_v4_rcv+0x214a/0x2880 net/ipv4/tcp_ipv4.c:2140 ip_protocol_deliver_rcu+0x360/0x760 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:204 ip_local_deliver_finish net/ipv4/ip_input.c:231 [inline] NF_HOOK include/linux/netfilter.h:305 [inline] ip_local_deliver+0x2dd/0x520 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:252 dst_input include/net/dst.h:463 [inline] ip_sublist_rcv_finish net/ipv4/ip_input.c:577 [inline] ip_list_rcv_finish net/ipv4/ip_input.c:628 [inline] ip_sublist_rcv+0x75b/0x8a0 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:636 ip_list_rcv+0x3e4/0x430 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:671 __netif_receive_skb_list_ptype net/core/dev.c:5602 [inline] __netif_receive_skb_list_core+0x57e/0x770 net/core/dev.c:5650 __netif_receive_skb_list net/core/dev.c:5702 [inline] netif_receive_skb_list_internal+0x7f8/0xaa0 net/core/dev.c:5793 gro_normal_list net/core/dev.c:5947 [inline] napi_complete_done+0x375/0x7a0 net/core/dev.c:6685 virtqueue_napi_complete drivers/net/virtio_net.c:357 [inline] virtnet_poll+0x8f4/0xe90 drivers/net/virtio_net.c:1624 __napi_poll+0xbb/0x580 net/core/dev.c:7109 napi_poll net/core/dev.c:7176 [inline] net_rx_action+0x37f/0x910 net/core/dev.c:7266 handle_softirqs+0x250/0x560 kernel/softirq.c:583 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:621 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:443 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x52/0xf0 kernel/softirq.c:670 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x10 kernel/softirq.c:682 common_interrupt+0xbe/0xe0 arch/x86/kernel/irq.c:242 asm_common_interrupt+0x27/0x40 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:667 The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888111002800 which belongs to the cache kmalloc-1k of size 1024 The buggy address is located 60 bytes inside of 1024-byte region [ffff888111002800, ffff888111002c00) The buggy address belongs to the page: page:ffffea0004440000 refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x111000 head:ffffea0004440000 order:3 compound_mapcount:0 compound_pincount:0 flags: 0x4000000000010200(slab|head|zone=1) raw: 4000000000010200 dead000000000100 dead000000000122 ffff888100043080 raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000100010 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 3, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0xd20c0(__GFP_IO|__GFP_FS|__GFP_NOWARN|__GFP_NORETRY|__GFP_COMP|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC), pid 104, ts 6025040957, free_ts 0 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:33 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x192/0x1b0 mm/page_alloc.c:2607 prep_new_page+0x1c/0x110 mm/page_alloc.c:2613 get_page_from_freelist+0x2c3a/0x2cd0 mm/page_alloc.c:4487 __alloc_pages+0x1a2/0x460 mm/page_alloc.c:5824 alloc_slab_page mm/slub.c:-1 [inline] allocate_slab mm/slub.c:1937 [inline] new_slab+0xa0/0x4d0 mm/slub.c:2000 ___slab_alloc+0x3ac/0x840 mm/slub.c:3033 __slab_alloc+0x49/0x90 mm/slub.c:3120 slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:3211 [inline] slab_alloc mm/slub.c:3255 [inline] __kmalloc_track_caller+0x169/0x2c0 mm/slub.c:4954 kmalloc_reserve net/core/skbuff.c:357 [inline] __alloc_skb+0x210/0x730 net/core/skbuff.c:428 alloc_skb include/linux/skbuff.h:1183 [inline] netlink_alloc_large_skb net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1186 [inline] netlink_sendmsg+0x611/0xb80 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1902 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:704 [inline] __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:716 [inline] ____sys_sendmsg+0x5be/0x8f0 net/socket.c:2436 ___sys_sendmsg+0x236/0x2e0 net/socket.c:2490 __sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2519 [inline] __do_sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2528 [inline] __se_sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2526 [inline] __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x201/0x2d0 net/socket.c:2526 x64_sys_call+0x4b/0x9a0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:47 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x4c/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x66/0xd0 page_owner free stack trace missing Memory state around the buggy address: ffff888111002700: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc ffff888111002780: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc >ffff888111002800: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ^ ffff888111002880: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ffff888111002900: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ================================================================== ------------[ cut here ]------------ kobject: '@5$' (ffff888111002800): is not initialized, yet kobject_get() is being called. WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 at lib/kobject.c:666 kobject_get+0x7c/0x120 lib/kobject.c:664 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 Comm: syz.8.1766 Tainted: G B W syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/24/2026 RIP: 0010:kobject_get+0x7c/0x120 lib/kobject.c:664 Code: f9 fe 48 89 d8 48 c1 e8 03 42 80 3c 38 00 74 08 48 89 df e8 96 44 39 ff 48 8b 33 48 c7 c7 e0 c2 64 85 48 89 da e8 74 bc 3a 02 <0f> 0b eb 0c e8 0b d5 f9 fe eb 4c e8 04 d5 f9 fe 4c 8d 73 38 4c 89 RSP: 0000:ffffc90000e97a18 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 90e818269e100900 RBX: ffff888111002800 RCX: 0000000000080000 RDX: ffffc90001612000 RSI: 000000000007ffff RDI: 0000000000080000 RBP: ffffc90000e97a30 R08: ffff8881f7032f3f R09: 1ffff1103ee065e7 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed103ee065e8 R12: 1ffff11026a7a00e R13: dffffc0000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: dffffc0000000000 FS: 00007f341d9a16c0(0000) GS:ffff8881f7000000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000001b2ea15ff8 CR3: 000000013d369000 CR4: 00000000003506b0 Call Trace: get_device drivers/base/core.c:3518 [inline] device_add+0x2f0/0xe90 drivers/base/core.c:3342 device_create_groups_vargs drivers/base/core.c:4118 [inline] device_create+0x26c/0x300 drivers/base/core.c:4160 create_function_device+0x60/0x70 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:31 create_alsa_device drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1262 [inline] f_midi_alloc_inst+0x1a8/0x380 drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1303 try_get_usb_function_instance drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:28 [inline] usb_get_function_instance+0xe2/0x2f0 drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:44 function_make+0x118/0x350 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:642 configfs_mkdir+0x50a/0x9c0 fs/configfs/dir.c:1329 vfs_mkdir+0x38b/0x590 fs/namei.c:4073 do_mkdirat+0x174/0x4d0 fs/namei.c:4098 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4113 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4111 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x89/0xa0 fs/namei.c:4111 x64_sys_call+0x37e/0x9a0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:259 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x4c/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x66/0xd0 RIP: 0033:0x7f341ef48019 Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f341d9a1028 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000102 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f341f1cffa0 RCX: 00007f341ef48019 RDX: 00000000000001ff RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: ffffffffffffff9c RBP: 00007f341efdf00c R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f341f1d0038 R14: 00007f341f1cffa0 R15: 00007ffe245af8f8 ---[ end trace 08ecbffc39e57985 ]--- ------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 at lib/refcount.c:25 refcount_warn_saturate+0x104/0x1a0 lib/refcount.c:25 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 Comm: syz.8.1766 Tainted: G B W syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/24/2026 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x104/0x1a0 lib/refcount.c:25 Code: 04 01 48 c7 c7 00 48 63 85 e8 c8 67 5a 02 0f 0b eb df e8 5f 80 19 ff c6 05 1b f5 95 04 01 48 c7 c7 40 47 63 85 e8 ac 67 5a 02 <0f> 0b eb c3 e8 43 80 19 ff c6 05 00 f5 95 04 01 48 c7 c7 a0 47 63 RSP: 0018:ffffc90000e979f8 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 90e818269e100900 RBX: 0000000000000002 RCX: 0000000000080000 RDX: ffffc90001612000 RSI: 000000000007ffff RDI: 0000000000080000 RBP: ffffc90000e97a08 R08: ffff8881f7032f3f R09: 1ffff1103ee065e7 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed103ee065e8 R12: 1ffff11026a7a00e R13: dffffc0000000000 R14: 0000000000000002 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 00007f341d9a16c0(0000) GS:ffff8881f7000000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000001b2d723ffc CR3: 000000013d369000 CR4: 00000000003506b0 Call Trace: __refcount_add include/linux/refcount.h:-1 [inline] __refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:250 [inline] refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:267 [inline] kref_get include/linux/kref.h:45 [inline] kobject_get+0xfb/0x120 lib/kobject.c:667 get_device drivers/base/core.c:3518 [inline] device_add+0x2f0/0xe90 drivers/base/core.c:3342 device_create_groups_vargs drivers/base/core.c:4118 [inline] device_create+0x26c/0x300 drivers/base/core.c:4160 create_function_device+0x60/0x70 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:31 create_alsa_device drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1262 [inline] f_midi_alloc_inst+0x1a8/0x380 drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1303 try_get_usb_function_instance drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:28 [inline] usb_get_function_instance+0xe2/0x2f0 drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:44 function_make+0x118/0x350 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:642 configfs_mkdir+0x50a/0x9c0 fs/configfs/dir.c:1329 vfs_mkdir+0x38b/0x590 fs/namei.c:4073 do_mkdirat+0x174/0x4d0 fs/namei.c:4098 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4113 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4111 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x89/0xa0 fs/namei.c:4111 x64_sys_call+0x37e/0x9a0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:259 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x4c/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x66/0xd0 RIP: 0033:0x7f341ef48019 Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f341d9a1028 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000102 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f341f1cffa0 RCX: 00007f341ef48019 RDX: 00000000000001ff RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: ffffffffffffff9c RBP: 00007f341efdf00c R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f341f1d0038 R14: 00007f341f1cffa0 R15: 00007ffe245af8f8 ---[ end trace 08ecbffc39e57986 ]--- ------------[ cut here ]------------ kobject: '@5$' (ffff888111002800): is not initialized, yet kobject_get() is being called. WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 at lib/kobject.c:666 kobject_get lib/kobject.c:664 [inline] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 at lib/kobject.c:666 kobject_add_internal+0x12e/0xde0 lib/kobject.c:248 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 Comm: syz.8.1766 Tainted: G B W syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/24/2026 RIP: 0010:kobject_get lib/kobject.c:664 [inline] RIP: 0010:kobject_add_internal+0x12e/0xde0 lib/kobject.c:248 Code: b9 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 80 3c 08 00 74 08 4c 89 e7 e8 15 2c 39 ff 49 8b 34 24 48 c7 c7 e0 c2 64 85 4c 89 e2 e8 f2 a3 3a 02 <0f> 0b e9 04 01 00 00 e8 86 bc f9 fe b8 fe ff ff ff e9 b0 09 00 00 RSP: 0018:ffffc90000e97898 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 90e818269e100900 RBX: ffff88813f9d6900 RCX: 0000000000080000 RDX: ffffc90001612000 RSI: 000000000007ffff RDI: 0000000000080000 RBP: ffffc90000e978f0 R08: ffff8881f7032f3f R09: 1ffff1103ee065e7 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed103ee065e8 R12: ffff888111002800 R13: ffff88813f9d6918 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 1ffff11027f3ad20 FS: 00007f341d9a16c0(0000) GS:ffff8881f7100000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f972153a180 CR3: 000000013d369000 CR4: 00000000003506a0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: kobject_add_varg lib/kobject.c:398 [inline] kobject_add+0x165/0x230 lib/kobject.c:450 class_dir_create_and_add drivers/base/core.c:2976 [inline] get_device_parent+0x3a6/0x410 drivers/base/core.c:3031 device_add+0x308/0xe90 drivers/base/core.c:3343 device_create_groups_vargs drivers/base/core.c:4118 [inline] device_create+0x26c/0x300 drivers/base/core.c:4160 create_function_device+0x60/0x70 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:31 create_alsa_device drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1262 [inline] f_midi_alloc_inst+0x1a8/0x380 drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1303 try_get_usb_function_instance drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:28 [inline] usb_get_function_instance+0xe2/0x2f0 drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:44 function_make+0x118/0x350 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:642 configfs_mkdir+0x50a/0x9c0 fs/configfs/dir.c:1329 vfs_mkdir+0x38b/0x590 fs/namei.c:4073 do_mkdirat+0x174/0x4d0 fs/namei.c:4098 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4113 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4111 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x89/0xa0 fs/namei.c:4111 x64_sys_call+0x37e/0x9a0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:259 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x4c/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x66/0xd0 RIP: 0033:0x7f341ef48019 Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f341d9a1028 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000102 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f341f1cffa0 RCX: 00007f341ef48019 RDX: 00000000000001ff RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: ffffffffffffff9c RBP: 00007f341efdf00c R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f341f1d0038 R14: 00007f341f1cffa0 R15: 00007ffe245af8f8 ---[ end trace 08ecbffc39e57987 ]--- ------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: saturated; leaking memory. WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 at lib/refcount.c:22 refcount_warn_saturate+0x158/0x1a0 lib/refcount.c:22 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 Comm: syz.8.1766 Tainted: G B W syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/24/2026 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x158/0x1a0 lib/refcount.c:22 Code: 04 01 48 c7 c7 e0 46 63 85 e8 74 67 5a 02 0f 0b eb 8b e8 0b 80 19 ff c6 05 c6 f4 95 04 01 48 c7 c7 e0 46 63 85 e8 58 67 5a 02 <0f> 0b e9 6c ff ff ff e8 ec 7f 19 ff c6 05 ab f4 95 04 01 48 c7 c7 RSP: 0018:ffffc90000e97878 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 90e818269e100900 RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: 0000000000080000 RDX: ffffc90001612000 RSI: 000000000007ffff RDI: 0000000000080000 RBP: ffffc90000e97888 R08: ffff8881f7032f3f R09: 1ffff1103ee065e7 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed103ee065e8 R12: 00000000c0000000 R13: ffff88813f9d6918 R14: 0000000000000001 R15: ffff888111002838 FS: 00007f341d9a16c0(0000) GS:ffff8881f7000000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 000055847ff76198 CR3: 000000013d369000 CR4: 00000000003506b0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: __refcount_add include/linux/refcount.h:-1 [inline] __refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:250 [inline] refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:267 [inline] kref_get include/linux/kref.h:45 [inline] kobject_get lib/kobject.c:667 [inline] kobject_add_internal+0xc44/0xde0 lib/kobject.c:248 kobject_add_varg lib/kobject.c:398 [inline] kobject_add+0x165/0x230 lib/kobject.c:450 class_dir_create_and_add drivers/base/core.c:2976 [inline] get_device_parent+0x3a6/0x410 drivers/base/core.c:3031 device_add+0x308/0xe90 drivers/base/core.c:3343 device_create_groups_vargs drivers/base/core.c:4118 [inline] device_create+0x26c/0x300 drivers/base/core.c:4160 create_function_device+0x60/0x70 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:31 create_alsa_device drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1262 [inline] f_midi_alloc_inst+0x1a8/0x380 drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1303 try_get_usb_function_instance drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:28 [inline] usb_get_function_instance+0xe2/0x2f0 drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:44 function_make+0x118/0x350 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:642 configfs_mkdir+0x50a/0x9c0 fs/configfs/dir.c:1329 vfs_mkdir+0x38b/0x590 fs/namei.c:4073 do_mkdirat+0x174/0x4d0 fs/namei.c:4098 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4113 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4111 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x89/0xa0 fs/namei.c:4111 x64_sys_call+0x37e/0x9a0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:259 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x4c/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x66/0xd0 RIP: 0033:0x7f341ef48019 Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f341d9a1028 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000102 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f341f1cffa0 RCX: 00007f341ef48019 RDX: 00000000000001ff RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: ffffffffffffff9c RBP: 00007f341efdf00c R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f341f1d0038 R14: 00007f341f1cffa0 R15: 00007ffe245af8f8 ---[ end trace 08ecbffc39e57988 ]--- ------------[ cut here ]------------ kobject: '@5$' (ffff888111002800): is not initialized, yet kobject_put() is being called. WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 at lib/kobject.c:760 kobject_put+0x8a/0x270 lib/kobject.c:758 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 Comm: syz.8.1766 Tainted: G B W syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/24/2026 RIP: 0010:kobject_put+0x8a/0x270 lib/kobject.c:758 Code: 48 b9 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 80 3c 08 00 74 08 48 89 df e8 68 43 39 ff 48 8b 33 48 c7 c7 60 c3 64 85 48 89 da e8 46 bb 3a 02 <0f> 0b eb 0f e8 dd d3 f9 fe e9 7c 01 00 00 e8 d3 d3 f9 fe 4c 8d 7b RSP: 0018:ffffc90000e97860 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 90e818269e100900 RBX: ffff888111002800 RCX: 0000000000080000 RDX: ffffc90001612000 RSI: 000000000007ffff RDI: 0000000000080000 RBP: ffffc90000e97888 R08: ffffc90000e972c7 R09: 1ffff920001d2e58 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffff520001d2e59 R12: ffff888111002800 R13: ffff88811100283c R14: 1ffff11022200507 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 00007f341d9a16c0(0000) GS:ffff8881f7000000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 000055847ff76198 CR3: 000000013d369000 CR4: 00000000003506b0 Call Trace: kobject_add_internal+0xb52/0xde0 lib/kobject.c:266 kobject_add_varg lib/kobject.c:398 [inline] kobject_add+0x165/0x230 lib/kobject.c:450 class_dir_create_and_add drivers/base/core.c:2976 [inline] get_device_parent+0x3a6/0x410 drivers/base/core.c:3031 device_add+0x308/0xe90 drivers/base/core.c:3343 device_create_groups_vargs drivers/base/core.c:4118 [inline] device_create+0x26c/0x300 drivers/base/core.c:4160 create_function_device+0x60/0x70 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:31 create_alsa_device drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1262 [inline] f_midi_alloc_inst+0x1a8/0x380 drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1303 try_get_usb_function_instance drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:28 [inline] usb_get_function_instance+0xe2/0x2f0 drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:44 function_make+0x118/0x350 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:642 configfs_mkdir+0x50a/0x9c0 fs/configfs/dir.c:1329 vfs_mkdir+0x38b/0x590 fs/namei.c:4073 do_mkdirat+0x174/0x4d0 fs/namei.c:4098 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4113 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4111 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x89/0xa0 fs/namei.c:4111 x64_sys_call+0x37e/0x9a0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:259 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x4c/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x66/0xd0 RIP: 0033:0x7f341ef48019 Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f341d9a1028 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000102 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f341f1cffa0 RCX: 00007f341ef48019 RDX: 00000000000001ff RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: ffffffffffffff9c RBP: 00007f341efdf00c R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f341f1d0038 R14: 00007f341f1cffa0 R15: 00007ffe245af8f8 ---[ end trace 08ecbffc39e57989 ]--- ------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0x120/0x1a0 lib/refcount.c:28 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 Comm: syz.8.1766 Tainted: G B W syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/24/2026 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x120/0x1a0 lib/refcount.c:28 Code: 04 01 48 c7 c7 40 47 63 85 e8 ac 67 5a 02 0f 0b eb c3 e8 43 80 19 ff c6 05 00 f5 95 04 01 48 c7 c7 a0 47 63 85 e8 90 67 5a 02 <0f> 0b eb a7 e8 27 80 19 ff c6 05 e1 f4 95 04 01 48 c7 c7 e0 46 63 RSP: 0018:ffffc90000e97840 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 90e818269e100900 RBX: 0000000000000003 RCX: 0000000000080000 RDX: ffffc90001612000 RSI: 000000000007ffff RDI: 0000000000080000 RBP: ffffc90000e97850 R08: ffff8881f7027493 R09: 1ffff1103ee04e92 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed103ee04e93 R12: 00000000c0000000 R13: ffff88811100283c R14: 0000000000000003 R15: ffff888111002838 FS: 00007f341d9a16c0(0000) GS:ffff8881f7000000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 000055847ff76198 CR3: 000000013d369000 CR4: 00000000003506b0 Call Trace: __refcount_sub_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:283 [inline] __refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:315 [inline] refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:333 [inline] kref_put include/linux/kref.h:64 [inline] kobject_put+0x231/0x270 lib/kobject.c:761 kobject_add_internal+0xb52/0xde0 lib/kobject.c:266 kobject_add_varg lib/kobject.c:398 [inline] kobject_add+0x165/0x230 lib/kobject.c:450 class_dir_create_and_add drivers/base/core.c:2976 [inline] get_device_parent+0x3a6/0x410 drivers/base/core.c:3031 device_add+0x308/0xe90 drivers/base/core.c:3343 device_create_groups_vargs drivers/base/core.c:4118 [inline] device_create+0x26c/0x300 drivers/base/core.c:4160 create_function_device+0x60/0x70 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:31 create_alsa_device drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1262 [inline] f_midi_alloc_inst+0x1a8/0x380 drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1303 try_get_usb_function_instance drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:28 [inline] usb_get_function_instance+0xe2/0x2f0 drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:44 function_make+0x118/0x350 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:642 configfs_mkdir+0x50a/0x9c0 fs/configfs/dir.c:1329 vfs_mkdir+0x38b/0x590 fs/namei.c:4073 do_mkdirat+0x174/0x4d0 fs/namei.c:4098 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4113 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4111 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x89/0xa0 fs/namei.c:4111 x64_sys_call+0x37e/0x9a0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:259 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x4c/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x66/0xd0 RIP: 0033:0x7f341ef48019 Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f341d9a1028 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000102 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f341f1cffa0 RCX: 00007f341ef48019 RDX: 00000000000001ff RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: ffffffffffffff9c RBP: 00007f341efdf00c R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f341f1d0038 R14: 00007f341f1cffa0 R15: 00007ffe245af8f8 ---[ end trace 08ecbffc39e5798a ]--- kobject_add_internal failed for android_usb (error: -2 parent: @5$) ------------[ cut here ]------------ kobject: '@5$' (ffff888111002800): is not initialized, yet kobject_put() is being called. WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 at lib/kobject.c:760 kobject_put+0x8a/0x270 lib/kobject.c:758 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 6379 Comm: syz.8.1766 Tainted: G B W syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/24/2026 RIP: 0010:kobject_put+0x8a/0x270 lib/kobject.c:758 Code: 48 b9 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 80 3c 08 00 74 08 48 89 df e8 68 43 39 ff 48 8b 33 48 c7 c7 60 c3 64 85 48 89 da e8 46 bb 3a 02 <0f> 0b eb 0f e8 dd d3 f9 fe e9 7c 01 00 00 e8 d3 d3 f9 fe 4c 8d 7b RSP: 0018:ffffc90000e97a08 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 90e818269e100900 RBX: ffff888111002800 RCX: 0000000000080000 RDX: ffffc90001612000 RSI: 000000000007ffff RDI: 0000000000080000 RBP: ffffc90000e97a30 R08: ffffc90000e97467 R09: 1ffff920001d2e8c R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffff520001d2e8d R12: ffff8881353d0068 R13: ffff88811100283c R14: 1ffff11022200507 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 00007f341d9a16c0(0000) GS:ffff8881f7000000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 000055847ff76198 CR3: 000000013d369000 CR4: 00000000003506b0 Call Trace: put_device drivers/base/core.c:3530 [inline] device_add+0x985/0xe90 drivers/base/core.c:3475 device_create_groups_vargs drivers/base/core.c:4118 [inline] device_create+0x26c/0x300 drivers/base/core.c:4160 create_function_device+0x60/0x70 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:31 create_alsa_device drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1262 [inline] f_midi_alloc_inst+0x1a8/0x380 drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1303 try_get_usb_function_instance drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:28 [inline] usb_get_function_instance+0xe2/0x2f0 drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:44 function_make+0x118/0x350 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:642 configfs_mkdir+0x50a/0x9c0 fs/configfs/dir.c:1329 vfs_mkdir+0x38b/0x590 fs/namei.c:4073 do_mkdirat+0x174/0x4d0 fs/namei.c:4098 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4113 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4111 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x89/0xa0 fs/namei.c:4111 x64_sys_call+0x37e/0x9a0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:259 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x4c/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x66/0xd0 RIP: 0033:0x7f341ef48019 Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f341d9a1028 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000102 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f341f1cffa0 RCX: 00007f341ef48019 RDX: 00000000000001ff RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: ffffffffffffff9c RBP: 00007f341efdf00c R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f341f1d0038 R14: 00007f341f1cffa0 R15: 00007ffe245af8f8 ---[ end trace 08ecbffc39e5798b ]---