============================= WARNING: suspicious RCU usage syzkaller #0 Not tainted ----------------------------- net/sched/sch_api.c:304 suspicious rcu_dereference_protected() usage! other info that might help us debug this: rcu_scheduler_active = 2, debug_locks = 1 4 locks held by syz.5.386/5758: #0: ffffffff8c31f320 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:2}, at: rcu_lock_acquire+0x9/0x30 include/linux/rcupdate.h:313 #1: ffff888075840948 (dev->qdisc_running_key ?: &qdisc_running_key){+...}-{0:0}, at: net_tx_action+0x6d9/0x880 net/core/dev.c:5154 #2: ffff888075840908 (&sch->q.lock){+.-.}-{2:2}, at: spin_lock include/linux/spinlock.h:364 [inline] #2: ffff888075840908 (&sch->q.lock){+.-.}-{2:2}, at: sch_direct_xmit+0x311/0x4b0 net/sched/sch_generic.c:357 #3: ffffffff8c31f320 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:2}, at: rcu_lock_acquire+0x5/0x30 include/linux/rcupdate.h:312 stack backtrace: CPU: 1 PID: 5758 Comm: syz.5.386 Not tainted syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 04/18/2026 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x188/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:106 qdisc_lookup+0xa6/0x650 net/sched/sch_api.c:304 qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog+0x190/0x430 net/sched/sch_api.c:783 cake_dequeue+0x1bd6/0x4b10 net/sched/sch_cake.c:2205 qdisc_peek_dequeued+0x6e/0x1f0 include/net/sch_generic.h:1125 tbf_dequeue+0x7d/0xce0 net/sched/sch_tbf.c:265 dequeue_skb net/sched/sch_generic.c:295 [inline] qdisc_restart net/sched/sch_generic.c:400 [inline] __qdisc_run+0x236/0x1490 net/sched/sch_generic.c:418 qdisc_run+0x103/0x2f0 include/net/pkt_sched.h:131 net_tx_action+0x6d9/0x880 net/core/dev.c:5154 handle_softirqs+0x339/0x830 kernel/softirq.c:576 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:610 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:450 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x13b/0x230 kernel/softirq.c:659 irq_exit_rcu+0x5/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:671 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1108 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa0/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1108 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x16/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:676 RIP: 0010:finish_lock_switch+0x134/0x280 kernel/sched/core.c:4804 Code: be ff ff ff ff e8 dc 60 68 08 85 c0 74 4a 4d 85 ff 75 66 e9 fe 00 00 00 48 89 df e8 86 cc 71 08 e8 81 e6 2a 00 fb 48 83 c4 08 <5b> 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f 5d c3 48 89 df e8 c9 09 fe ff 43 80 3c RSP: 0018:ffffc9000321f708 EFLAGS: 00000282 RAX: 5537a2c24879f100 RBX: ffff8880b903a340 RCX: 5537a2c24879f100 RDX: dffffc0000000000 RSI: ffffffff8a2b3100 RDI: ffffffff8a7a0700 RBP: 1ffff11017227613 R08: ffff8880b903a343 R09: 1ffff11017207468 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed1017207469 R12: ffff8880b913b088 R13: dffffc0000000000 R14: ffff8880b913ae08 R15: 0000000000000000 finish_task_switch+0x12f/0x640 kernel/sched/core.c:4921 context_switch kernel/sched/core.c:5052 [inline] __schedule+0x11f7/0x43c0 kernel/sched/core.c:6395 schedule+0x11b/0x1e0 kernel/sched/core.c:6478 schedule_timeout+0x184/0x2d0 kernel/time/timer.c:2117 snd_rawmidi_write+0x3b6/0xc10 sound/core/rawmidi.c:1542 do_loop_readv_writev fs/read_write.c:-1 [inline] do_iter_write+0x3e4/0x7b0 fs/read_write.c:857 vfs_writev fs/read_write.c:928 [inline] do_writev+0x281/0x480 fs/read_write.c:971 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x4c/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x66/0xd0 RIP: 0033:0x7f54cc169e59 Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f54ca3c3028 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000014 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f54cc3e2fa0 RCX: 00007f54cc169e59 RDX: 0000000000000002 RSI: 0000200000000840 RDI: 0000000000000006 RBP: 00007f54cc1ffd6f R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f54cc3e3038 R14: 00007f54cc3e2fa0 R15: 00007fff74e38d08 ---------------- Code disassembly (best guess): 0: be ff ff ff ff mov $0xffffffff,%esi 5: e8 dc 60 68 08 call 0x86860e6 a: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax c: 74 4a je 0x58 e: 4d 85 ff test %r15,%r15 11: 75 66 jne 0x79 13: e9 fe 00 00 00 jmp 0x116 18: 48 89 df mov %rbx,%rdi 1b: e8 86 cc 71 08 call 0x871cca6 20: e8 81 e6 2a 00 call 0x2ae6a6 25: fb sti 26: 48 83 c4 08 add $0x8,%rsp * 2a: 5b pop %rbx <-- trapping instruction 2b: 41 5c pop %r12 2d: 41 5d pop %r13 2f: 41 5e pop %r14 31: 41 5f pop %r15 33: 5d pop %rbp 34: c3 ret 35: 48 89 df mov %rbx,%rdi 38: e8 c9 09 fe ff call 0xfffe0a06 3d: 43 rex.XB 3e: 80 .byte 0x80 3f: 3c .byte 0x3c