vkms_vblank_simulate: vblank timer overrun ------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 0 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0x14a/0x210 lib/refcount.c:28 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc2-syzkaller-00045-g4663747812d1 #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05/07/2025 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x14a/0x210 lib/refcount.c:28 Code: ff 89 de e8 a8 e3 e2 fc 84 db 0f 85 66 ff ff ff e8 bb e8 e2 fc c6 05 a9 f1 b7 0b 01 90 48 c7 c7 a0 0f 15 8c e8 67 00 a2 fc 90 <0f> 0b 90 90 e9 43 ff ff ff e8 98 e8 e2 fc 0f b6 1d 84 f1 b7 0b 31 RSP: 0018:ffffc90000a08dd8 EFLAGS: 00010286 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffffffff817aa1a8 RDX: ffff88801e6eda00 RSI: ffffffff817aa1b5 RDI: 0000000000000001 RBP: ffff888036129e28 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffff888036129e00 R13: ffff888036129e28 R14: ffffc90000a08e90 R15: 0000000000000002 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff888124861000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007fcc92def175 CR3: 000000000e382000 CR4: 00000000003526f0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: __refcount_sub_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:400 [inline] __refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:432 [inline] refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:450 [inline] put_task_struct include/linux/sched/task.h:134 [inline] delayed_put_task_struct+0x239/0x2e0 kernel/exit.c:230 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2576 [inline] rcu_core+0x799/0x14e0 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2832 handle_softirqs+0x216/0x8e0 kernel/softirq.c:579 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:613 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:453 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x109/0x170 kernel/softirq.c:680 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:696 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1050 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa4/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1050 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:702 RIP: 0010:pv_native_safe_halt+0xf/0x20 arch/x86/kernel/paravirt.c:82 Code: ab 75 02 c3 cc cc cc cc 0f 1f 00 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 f3 0f 1e fa 66 90 0f 00 2d 33 bf 2d 00 fb f4 0c fb 02 00 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 90 90 90 90 90 90 RSP: 0018:ffffc90000197df8 EFLAGS: 000002c2 RAX: 0000000000166845 RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: ffffffff8b7c4be9 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff8de13aed RDI: ffffffff8c1563e0 RBP: ffffed1003cddb40 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: ffffed10170a6645 R10: ffff8880b853322b R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000000001 R13: ffff88801e6eda00 R14: ffffffff90a83050 R15: 0000000000000000 arch_safe_halt arch/x86/include/asm/paravirt.h:107 [inline] default_idle+0x13/0x20 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:749 default_idle_call+0x6d/0xb0 kernel/sched/idle.c:117 cpuidle_idle_call kernel/sched/idle.c:185 [inline] do_idle+0x391/0x510 kernel/sched/idle.c:325 cpu_startup_entry+0x4f/0x60 kernel/sched/idle.c:423 start_secondary+0x21d/0x2b0 arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c:315 common_startup_64+0x13e/0x148 ---------------- Code disassembly (best guess): 0: ab stos %eax,%es:(%rdi) 1: 75 02 jne 0x5 3: c3 ret 4: cc int3 5: cc int3 6: cc int3 7: cc int3 8: 0f 1f 00 nopl (%rax) b: 90 nop c: 90 nop d: 90 nop e: 90 nop f: 90 nop 10: 90 nop 11: 90 nop 12: 90 nop 13: 90 nop 14: 90 nop 15: 90 nop 16: 90 nop 17: 90 nop 18: 90 nop 19: 90 nop 1a: 90 nop 1b: f3 0f 1e fa endbr64 1f: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 21: 0f 00 2d 33 bf 2d 00 verw 0x2dbf33(%rip) # 0x2dbf5b 28: fb sti 29: f4 hlt * 2a: e9 0c fb 02 00 jmp 0x2fb3b <-- trapping instruction 2f: 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 cs nopw 0x0(%rax,%rax,1) 36: 00 00 00 39: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 3b: 90 nop 3c: 90 nop 3d: 90 nop 3e: 90 nop 3f: 90 nop