------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: saturated; leaking memory. WARNING: lib/refcount.c:19 at 0x0, CPU#0: syz.0.22/6009 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6009 Comm: syz.0.22 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0xc5/0x110 lib/refcount.c:19 Code: 61 05 33 0b 67 48 0f b9 3a eb 37 e8 b5 0e 2b fd 48 8d 3d 5e 05 33 0b 67 48 0f b9 3a eb 24 e8 a2 0e 2b fd 48 8d 3d 5b 05 33 0b <67> 48 0f b9 3a eb 11 e8 8f 0e 2b fd 48 8d 3d 58 05 33 0b 67 48 0f RSP: 0018:ffffc90002f77568 EFLAGS: 00010293 RAX: ffffffff8496d15e RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffff888032e50000 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff8ea876c0 RDI: ffffffff8fc9d6c0 RBP: ffffc90002f77690 R08: ffff888032e50000 R09: 0000000000000005 R10: 0000000000000004 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff88807e166940 R13: ffff88807e1668c0 R14: ffff88807e166940 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 00007f5cb31476c0(0000) GS:ffff888125a3e000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f5cb3146f98 CR3: 00000000753a6000 CR4: 00000000003526f0 Call Trace: __refcount_add_not_zero include/linux/refcount.h:187 [inline] refcount_add_not_zero include/linux/refcount.h:212 [inline] __vma_enter_locked+0x62e/0x6a0 mm/mmap_lock.c:69 __vma_start_write+0x23/0x140 mm/mmap_lock.c:96 vma_start_write include/linux/mmap_lock.h:213 [inline] vma_merge_existing_range mm/vma.c:900 [inline] vma_modify+0xf62/0x1a70 mm/vma.c:1611 vma_modify_flags_uffd+0x204/0x250 mm/vma.c:1704 userfaultfd_clear_vma mm/userfaultfd.c:1995 [inline] userfaultfd_release_all+0x34c/0x5d0 mm/userfaultfd.c:2114 userfaultfd_release+0xe7/0x1b0 fs/userfaultfd.c:887 __fput+0x44c/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:233 get_signal+0x11ec/0x1340 kernel/signal.c:2807 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x9a/0x7a0 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337 __exit_to_user_mode_loop kernel/entry/common.c:41 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x87/0x4f0 kernel/entry/common.c:75 __exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:226 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:256 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:159 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:194 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2e3/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f5cb238f749 Code: ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 a8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f5cb3146fe8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000038 RAX: fffffffffffffff4 RBX: 00007f5cb25e6090 RCX: 00007f5cb238f749 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: 00007f5cb2413f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f5cb25e6128 R14: 00007f5cb25e6090 R15: 00007ffff48a5158 ---------------- Code disassembly (best guess), 1 bytes skipped: 0: 05 33 0b 67 48 add $0x48670b33,%eax 5: 0f b9 3a ud1 (%rdx),%edi 8: eb 37 jmp 0x41 a: e8 b5 0e 2b fd call 0xfd2b0ec4 f: 48 8d 3d 5e 05 33 0b lea 0xb33055e(%rip),%rdi # 0xb330574 16: 67 48 0f b9 3a ud1 (%edx),%rdi 1b: eb 24 jmp 0x41 1d: e8 a2 0e 2b fd call 0xfd2b0ec4 22: 48 8d 3d 5b 05 33 0b lea 0xb33055b(%rip),%rdi # 0xb330584 * 29: 67 48 0f b9 3a ud1 (%edx),%rdi <-- trapping instruction 2e: eb 11 jmp 0x41 30: e8 8f 0e 2b fd call 0xfd2b0ec4 35: 48 8d 3d 58 05 33 0b lea 0xb330558(%rip),%rdi # 0xb330594 3c: 67 addr32 3d: 48 rex.W 3e: 0f .byte 0xf