BUG: Bad page state in process syz.1.365 pfn:76958 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888076958200 pfn:0x76958 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888022690000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff888076958200 3fffffffffffffff 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7842, tgid 7840 (syz.1.365), ts 212473310156, free_ts 212413382585 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1850 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1858 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3884 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:612 page_pool_alloc_netmems net/core/page_pool.c:663 [inline] page_pool_alloc_frag_netmem+0x421/0x9b0 net/core/page_pool.c:1072 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:131 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb69/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:952 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5429 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5470 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f page last free pid 7862 tgid 7862 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 vfree+0x25a/0x400 mm/vmalloc.c:3440 kvm_arch_vcpu_destroy+0x199/0x380 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12772 kvm_vcpu_destroy virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:468 [inline] kvm_destroy_vcpus+0x11d/0x370 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:488 kvm_arch_destroy_vm+0xc8/0x280 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:13289 kvm_destroy_vm virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1316 [inline] kvm_put_kvm+0x6ca/0xa80 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1353 kvm_vm_release+0x43/0x50 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1376 __fput+0x44c/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227 resume_user_mode_work include/linux/resume_user_mode.h:50 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xe9/0x130 kernel/entry/common.c:43 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 7842 Comm: syz.1.365 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4190 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4214 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4236 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4229 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:721 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x606/0x13d0 net/core/dev.c:5360 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5476 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f3d22d8d97f Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f3d23c49000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 RCX: 00007f3d22d8d97f RDX: 000000000000fed7 RSI: 00002000000002c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f3d22e11f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fed7 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f3d22fe6038 R14: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 R15: 00007fff400982d8 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.1.365 pfn:781fd page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888000000000 pfn:0x781fd flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888022690000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff888000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7842, tgid 7840 (syz.1.365), ts 212473288338, free_ts 212413769312 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1850 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1858 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3884 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:612 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:952 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5429 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5470 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f page last free pid 7862 tgid 7862 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache+0x11a/0x240 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:419 mmu_free_memory_caches arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:626 [inline] kvm_mmu_destroy+0x336/0x390 arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:7545 kvm_arch_vcpu_destroy+0x28e/0x380 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12781 kvm_vcpu_destroy virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:468 [inline] kvm_destroy_vcpus+0x11d/0x370 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:488 kvm_arch_destroy_vm+0xc8/0x280 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:13289 kvm_destroy_vm virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1316 [inline] kvm_put_kvm+0x6ca/0xa80 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1353 kvm_vm_release+0x43/0x50 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1376 __fput+0x44c/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227 resume_user_mode_work include/linux/resume_user_mode.h:50 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xe9/0x130 kernel/entry/common.c:43 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 7842 Comm: syz.1.365 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4190 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4214 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4236 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4229 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:721 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x606/0x13d0 net/core/dev.c:5360 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5476 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f3d22d8d97f Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f3d23c49000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 RCX: 00007f3d22d8d97f RDX: 000000000000fed7 RSI: 00002000000002c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f3d22e11f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fed7 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f3d22fe6038 R14: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 R15: 00007fff400982d8 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.1.365 pfn:781fe page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff8880781fedc0 pfn:0x781fe flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888022690000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff8880781fedc0 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7842, tgid 7840 (syz.1.365), ts 212473268322, free_ts 212413779892 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1850 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1858 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3884 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:612 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:952 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5429 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5470 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f page last free pid 7862 tgid 7862 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache+0x11a/0x240 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:419 mmu_free_memory_caches arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:626 [inline] kvm_mmu_destroy+0x336/0x390 arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:7545 kvm_arch_vcpu_destroy+0x28e/0x380 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12781 kvm_vcpu_destroy virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:468 [inline] kvm_destroy_vcpus+0x11d/0x370 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:488 kvm_arch_destroy_vm+0xc8/0x280 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:13289 kvm_destroy_vm virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1316 [inline] kvm_put_kvm+0x6ca/0xa80 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1353 kvm_vm_release+0x43/0x50 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1376 __fput+0x44c/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227 resume_user_mode_work include/linux/resume_user_mode.h:50 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xe9/0x130 kernel/entry/common.c:43 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 7842 Comm: syz.1.365 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4190 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4214 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4236 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4229 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:721 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x606/0x13d0 net/core/dev.c:5360 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5476 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f3d22d8d97f Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f3d23c49000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 RCX: 00007f3d22d8d97f RDX: 000000000000fed7 RSI: 00002000000002c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f3d22e11f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fed7 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f3d22fe6038 R14: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 R15: 00007fff400982d8 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.1.365 pfn:781ff page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff8880781ffdc0 pfn:0x781ff flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888022690000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff8880781ffdc0 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7842, tgid 7840 (syz.1.365), ts 212473247084, free_ts 212413789747 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1850 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1858 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3884 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:612 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:952 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5429 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5470 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f page last free pid 7862 tgid 7862 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache+0x11a/0x240 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:419 mmu_free_memory_caches arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:626 [inline] kvm_mmu_destroy+0x336/0x390 arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:7545 kvm_arch_vcpu_destroy+0x28e/0x380 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12781 kvm_vcpu_destroy virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:468 [inline] kvm_destroy_vcpus+0x11d/0x370 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:488 kvm_arch_destroy_vm+0xc8/0x280 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:13289 kvm_destroy_vm virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1316 [inline] kvm_put_kvm+0x6ca/0xa80 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1353 kvm_vm_release+0x43/0x50 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1376 __fput+0x44c/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227 resume_user_mode_work include/linux/resume_user_mode.h:50 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xe9/0x130 kernel/entry/common.c:43 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 7842 Comm: syz.1.365 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4190 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4214 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4236 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4229 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:721 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x606/0x13d0 net/core/dev.c:5360 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5476 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f3d22d8d97f Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f3d23c49000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 RCX: 00007f3d22d8d97f RDX: 000000000000fed7 RSI: 00002000000002c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f3d22e11f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fed7 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f3d22fe6038 R14: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 R15: 00007fff400982d8 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.1.365 pfn:56f9c page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x20000003c pfn:0x56f9c flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888022690000 0000000000000000 raw: 000000020000003c 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7842, tgid 7840 (syz.1.365), ts 212473223024, free_ts 212413799626 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1850 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1858 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3884 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:612 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:952 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5429 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5470 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f page last free pid 7862 tgid 7862 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache+0x11a/0x240 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:419 mmu_free_memory_caches arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:626 [inline] kvm_mmu_destroy+0x336/0x390 arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:7545 kvm_arch_vcpu_destroy+0x28e/0x380 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12781 kvm_vcpu_destroy virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:468 [inline] kvm_destroy_vcpus+0x11d/0x370 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:488 kvm_arch_destroy_vm+0xc8/0x280 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:13289 kvm_destroy_vm virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1316 [inline] kvm_put_kvm+0x6ca/0xa80 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1353 kvm_vm_release+0x43/0x50 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1376 __fput+0x44c/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227 resume_user_mode_work include/linux/resume_user_mode.h:50 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xe9/0x130 kernel/entry/common.c:43 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 7842 Comm: syz.1.365 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4190 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4214 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4236 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4229 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:721 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x606/0x13d0 net/core/dev.c:5360 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5476 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f3d22d8d97f Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f3d23c49000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 RCX: 00007f3d22d8d97f RDX: 000000000000fed7 RSI: 00002000000002c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f3d22e11f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fed7 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f3d22fe6038 R14: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 R15: 00007fff400982d8 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.1.365 pfn:56f9d page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x20000003b pfn:0x56f9d flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888022690000 0000000000000000 raw: 000000020000003b 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7842, tgid 7840 (syz.1.365), ts 212473205646, free_ts 212413809920 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1850 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1858 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3884 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:612 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:952 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5429 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5470 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f page last free pid 7862 tgid 7862 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache+0x11a/0x240 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:419 mmu_free_memory_caches arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:626 [inline] kvm_mmu_destroy+0x336/0x390 arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:7545 kvm_arch_vcpu_destroy+0x28e/0x380 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12781 kvm_vcpu_destroy virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:468 [inline] kvm_destroy_vcpus+0x11d/0x370 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:488 kvm_arch_destroy_vm+0xc8/0x280 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:13289 kvm_destroy_vm virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1316 [inline] kvm_put_kvm+0x6ca/0xa80 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1353 kvm_vm_release+0x43/0x50 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1376 __fput+0x44c/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227 resume_user_mode_work include/linux/resume_user_mode.h:50 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xe9/0x130 kernel/entry/common.c:43 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 7842 Comm: syz.1.365 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4190 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4214 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4236 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4229 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:721 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x606/0x13d0 net/core/dev.c:5360 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5476 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f3d22d8d97f Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f3d23c49000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 RCX: 00007f3d22d8d97f RDX: 000000000000fed7 RSI: 00002000000002c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f3d22e11f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fed7 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f3d22fe6038 R14: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 R15: 00007fff400982d8 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.1.365 pfn:56f9e page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x20000003a pfn:0x56f9e flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888022690000 0000000000000000 raw: 000000020000003a 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7842, tgid 7840 (syz.1.365), ts 212473188500, free_ts 212413819814 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1850 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1858 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3884 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:612 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:952 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5429 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5470 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f page last free pid 7862 tgid 7862 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache+0x11a/0x240 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:419 mmu_free_memory_caches arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:626 [inline] kvm_mmu_destroy+0x336/0x390 arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:7545 kvm_arch_vcpu_destroy+0x28e/0x380 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12781 kvm_vcpu_destroy virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:468 [inline] kvm_destroy_vcpus+0x11d/0x370 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:488 kvm_arch_destroy_vm+0xc8/0x280 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:13289 kvm_destroy_vm virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1316 [inline] kvm_put_kvm+0x6ca/0xa80 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1353 kvm_vm_release+0x43/0x50 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1376 __fput+0x44c/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227 resume_user_mode_work include/linux/resume_user_mode.h:50 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xe9/0x130 kernel/entry/common.c:43 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 7842 Comm: syz.1.365 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4190 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4214 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4236 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4229 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:721 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x606/0x13d0 net/core/dev.c:5360 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5476 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f3d22d8d97f Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f3d23c49000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 RCX: 00007f3d22d8d97f RDX: 000000000000fed7 RSI: 00002000000002c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f3d22e11f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fed7 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f3d22fe6038 R14: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 R15: 00007fff400982d8 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.1.365 pfn:56f9f page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x200000039 pfn:0x56f9f flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888022690000 0000000000000000 raw: 0000000200000039 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7842, tgid 7840 (syz.1.365), ts 212473170775, free_ts 212413829666 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1850 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1858 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3884 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:612 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:952 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5429 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5470 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f page last free pid 7862 tgid 7862 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache+0x11a/0x240 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:419 mmu_free_memory_caches arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:626 [inline] kvm_mmu_destroy+0x336/0x390 arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:7545 kvm_arch_vcpu_destroy+0x28e/0x380 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12781 kvm_vcpu_destroy virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:468 [inline] kvm_destroy_vcpus+0x11d/0x370 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:488 kvm_arch_destroy_vm+0xc8/0x280 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:13289 kvm_destroy_vm virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1316 [inline] kvm_put_kvm+0x6ca/0xa80 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1353 kvm_vm_release+0x43/0x50 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1376 __fput+0x44c/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227 resume_user_mode_work include/linux/resume_user_mode.h:50 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xe9/0x130 kernel/entry/common.c:43 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 7842 Comm: syz.1.365 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4190 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4214 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4236 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4229 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:721 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x606/0x13d0 net/core/dev.c:5360 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5476 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f3d22d8d97f Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f3d23c49000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 RCX: 00007f3d22d8d97f RDX: 000000000000fed7 RSI: 00002000000002c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f3d22e11f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fed7 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f3d22fe6038 R14: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 R15: 00007fff400982d8 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.1.365 pfn:54d10 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x200000047 pfn:0x54d10 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888022690000 0000000000000000 raw: 0000000200000047 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7842, tgid 7840 (syz.1.365), ts 212473153981, free_ts 212413840035 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1850 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1858 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3884 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:612 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:952 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5429 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5470 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f page last free pid 7862 tgid 7862 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache+0x11a/0x240 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:419 mmu_free_memory_caches arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:626 [inline] kvm_mmu_destroy+0x336/0x390 arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:7545 kvm_arch_vcpu_destroy+0x28e/0x380 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12781 kvm_vcpu_destroy virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:468 [inline] kvm_destroy_vcpus+0x11d/0x370 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:488 kvm_arch_destroy_vm+0xc8/0x280 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:13289 kvm_destroy_vm virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1316 [inline] kvm_put_kvm+0x6ca/0xa80 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1353 kvm_vm_release+0x43/0x50 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1376 __fput+0x44c/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227 resume_user_mode_work include/linux/resume_user_mode.h:50 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xe9/0x130 kernel/entry/common.c:43 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 7842 Comm: syz.1.365 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4190 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4214 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4236 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4229 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:721 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x606/0x13d0 net/core/dev.c:5360 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5476 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f3d22d8d97f Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f3d23c49000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 RCX: 00007f3d22d8d97f RDX: 000000000000fed7 RSI: 00002000000002c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f3d22e11f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fed7 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f3d22fe6038 R14: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 R15: 00007fff400982d8 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.1.365 pfn:54d11 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x200000046 pfn:0x54d11 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888022690000 0000000000000000 raw: 0000000200000046 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7842, tgid 7840 (syz.1.365), ts 212473136143, free_ts 212413850145 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1850 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1858 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3884 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:612 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:952 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5429 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5470 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f page last free pid 7862 tgid 7862 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache+0x11a/0x240 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:419 mmu_free_memory_caches arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:626 [inline] kvm_mmu_destroy+0x336/0x390 arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:7545 kvm_arch_vcpu_destroy+0x28e/0x380 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12781 kvm_vcpu_destroy virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:468 [inline] kvm_destroy_vcpus+0x11d/0x370 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:488 kvm_arch_destroy_vm+0xc8/0x280 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:13289 kvm_destroy_vm virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1316 [inline] kvm_put_kvm+0x6ca/0xa80 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1353 kvm_vm_release+0x43/0x50 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1376 __fput+0x44c/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227 resume_user_mode_work include/linux/resume_user_mode.h:50 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xe9/0x130 kernel/entry/common.c:43 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 7842 Comm: syz.1.365 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4190 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4214 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4236 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4229 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:721 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x606/0x13d0 net/core/dev.c:5360 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5476 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f3d22d8d97f Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f3d23c49000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 RCX: 00007f3d22d8d97f RDX: 000000000000fed7 RSI: 00002000000002c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f3d22e11f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fed7 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f3d22fe6038 R14: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 R15: 00007fff400982d8 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.1.365 pfn:54d12 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x200000045 pfn:0x54d12 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888022690000 0000000000000000 raw: 0000000200000045 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7842, tgid 7840 (syz.1.365), ts 212473119058, free_ts 212413866747 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1850 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1858 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3884 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:612 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:952 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5429 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5470 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f page last free pid 7862 tgid 7862 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache+0x11a/0x240 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:419 mmu_free_memory_caches arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:626 [inline] kvm_mmu_destroy+0x336/0x390 arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:7545 kvm_arch_vcpu_destroy+0x28e/0x380 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12781 kvm_vcpu_destroy virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:468 [inline] kvm_destroy_vcpus+0x11d/0x370 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:488 kvm_arch_destroy_vm+0xc8/0x280 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:13289 kvm_destroy_vm virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1316 [inline] kvm_put_kvm+0x6ca/0xa80 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1353 kvm_vm_release+0x43/0x50 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1376 __fput+0x44c/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227 resume_user_mode_work include/linux/resume_user_mode.h:50 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xe9/0x130 kernel/entry/common.c:43 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 7842 Comm: syz.1.365 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4190 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4214 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4236 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4229 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:721 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x606/0x13d0 net/core/dev.c:5360 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5476 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f3d22d8d97f Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f3d23c49000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 RCX: 00007f3d22d8d97f RDX: 000000000000fed7 RSI: 00002000000002c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f3d22e11f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fed7 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f3d22fe6038 R14: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 R15: 00007fff400982d8 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.1.365 pfn:54d13 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x200000044 pfn:0x54d13 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888022690000 0000000000000000 raw: 0000000200000044 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7842, tgid 7840 (syz.1.365), ts 212473101750, free_ts 212413877057 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1850 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1858 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3884 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:612 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:952 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5429 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5470 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f page last free pid 7862 tgid 7862 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 kvm_mmu_free_memory_cache+0x11a/0x240 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:419 mmu_free_memory_caches arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:626 [inline] kvm_mmu_destroy+0x336/0x390 arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:7545 kvm_arch_vcpu_destroy+0x28e/0x380 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:12781 kvm_vcpu_destroy virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:468 [inline] kvm_destroy_vcpus+0x11d/0x370 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:488 kvm_arch_destroy_vm+0xc8/0x280 arch/x86/kvm/x86.c:13289 kvm_destroy_vm virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1316 [inline] kvm_put_kvm+0x6ca/0xa80 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1353 kvm_vm_release+0x43/0x50 virt/kvm/kvm_main.c:1376 __fput+0x44c/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227 resume_user_mode_work include/linux/resume_user_mode.h:50 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xe9/0x130 kernel/entry/common.c:43 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 7842 Comm: syz.1.365 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2906 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4190 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4214 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4236 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4229 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:721 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x606/0x13d0 net/core/dev.c:5360 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5476 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5538 tun_get_user+0x2527/0x3e90 drivers/net/tun.c:1872 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f3d22d8d97f Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f3d23c49000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 RCX: 00007f3d22d8d97f RDX: 000000000000fed7 RSI: 00002000000002c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f3d22e11f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fed7 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f3d22fe6038 R14: 00007f3d22fe5fa0 R15: 00007fff400982d8