------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: saturated; leaking memory. WARNING: lib/refcount.c:19 at refcount_warn_saturate+0x13a/0x1d0 lib/refcount.c:19, CPU#0: syz.0.80/6251 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6251 Comm: syz.0.80 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x13a/0x1d0 lib/refcount.c:19 Code: e0 cd be 8b e8 17 da f3 fc 90 0f 0b 90 90 eb b7 e8 fb be 31 fd c6 05 39 0d d8 0a 01 90 48 c7 c7 20 cd be 8b e8 f7 d9 f3 fc 90 <0f> 0b 90 90 eb 97 e8 db be 31 fd c6 05 1d 0d d8 0a 01 90 48 c7 c7 RSP: 0018:ffffc9000425f528 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 1848e6392aa62400 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffff88802cbddb80 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000002 RBP: ffffc9000425f648 R08: 0000000000000003 R09: 0000000000000004 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffffbfff1bba728 R12: ffff888072df9940 R13: 1ffff9200084beb8 R14: ffff888072df9940 R15: dffffc0000000000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff888125eb9000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f6e093719a0 CR3: 000000007ec68000 CR4: 00000000003526f0 Call Trace: __refcount_add_not_zero include/linux/refcount.h:187 [inline] refcount_add_not_zero include/linux/refcount.h:212 [inline] __vma_enter_locked+0x593/0x5d0 mm/mmap_lock.c:67 __vma_start_write+0x23/0x140 mm/mmap_lock.c:99 vma_start_write include/linux/mmap_lock.h:213 [inline] free_pgtables+0x72d/0x9d0 mm/memory.c:413 exit_mmap+0x431/0xb40 mm/mmap.c:1288 __mmput+0x118/0x430 kernel/fork.c:1132 exit_mm+0x1da/0x2c0 kernel/exit.c:581 do_exit+0x650/0x2300 kernel/exit.c:958 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1111 get_signal+0x1285/0x1340 kernel/signal.c:3034 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x9a/0x7a0 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337 __exit_to_user_mode_loop kernel/entry/common.c:41 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x87/0x4f0 kernel/entry/common.c:75 __exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:226 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:256 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:159 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:194 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2e9/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f6e0858f749 Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at 0x7f6e0858f71f. RSP: 002b:00007f6e09370fe8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000038 RAX: fffffffffffffff4 RBX: 00007f6e087e6090 RCX: 00007f6e0858f749 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: 00007f6e08613f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f6e087e6128 R14: 00007f6e087e6090 R15: 00007fff14b318f8