// https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=92a456cefe1024df26000646728231a3369cb228 // autogenerated by syzkaller (https://github.com/google/syzkaller) #define _GNU_SOURCE #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include unsigned long long procid; static void sleep_ms(uint64_t ms) { usleep(ms * 1000); } static bool write_file(const char* file, const char* what, ...) { char buf[1024]; va_list args; va_start(args, what); vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), what, args); va_end(args); buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = 0; int len = strlen(buf); int fd = open(file, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC); if (fd == -1) return false; if (write(fd, buf, len) != len) { int err = errno; close(fd); errno = err; return false; } close(fd); return true; } #define USB_DEBUG 0 #define USB_MAX_IFACE_NUM 4 #define USB_MAX_EP_NUM 32 struct usb_iface_index { struct usb_interface_descriptor* iface; struct usb_endpoint_descriptor* eps[USB_MAX_EP_NUM]; unsigned eps_num; }; struct usb_device_index { struct usb_device_descriptor* dev; struct usb_config_descriptor* config; unsigned config_length; struct usb_iface_index ifaces[USB_MAX_IFACE_NUM]; unsigned ifaces_num; }; static bool parse_usb_descriptor(char* buffer, size_t length, struct usb_device_index* index) { if (length < sizeof(*index->dev) + sizeof(*index->config)) return false; memset(index, 0, sizeof(*index)); index->dev = (struct usb_device_descriptor*)buffer; index->config = (struct usb_config_descriptor*)(buffer + sizeof(*index->dev)); index->config_length = length - sizeof(*index->dev); size_t offset = 0; while (true) { if (offset + 1 >= length) break; uint8_t desc_length = buffer[offset]; uint8_t desc_type = buffer[offset + 1]; if (desc_length <= 2) break; if (offset + desc_length > length) break; if (desc_type == USB_DT_INTERFACE && index->ifaces_num < USB_MAX_IFACE_NUM) { struct usb_interface_descriptor* iface = (struct usb_interface_descriptor*)(buffer + offset); index->ifaces[index->ifaces_num++].iface = iface; } if (desc_type == USB_DT_ENDPOINT && index->ifaces_num > 0) { struct usb_iface_index* iface = &index->ifaces[index->ifaces_num - 1]; if (iface->eps_num < USB_MAX_EP_NUM) iface->eps[iface->eps_num++] = (struct usb_endpoint_descriptor*)(buffer + offset); } offset += desc_length; } return true; } enum usb_fuzzer_event_type { USB_FUZZER_EVENT_INVALID, USB_FUZZER_EVENT_CONNECT, USB_FUZZER_EVENT_DISCONNECT, USB_FUZZER_EVENT_SUSPEND, USB_FUZZER_EVENT_RESUME, USB_FUZZER_EVENT_CONTROL, }; struct usb_fuzzer_event { uint32_t type; uint32_t length; char data[0]; }; struct usb_fuzzer_init { uint64_t speed; const char* driver_name; const char* device_name; }; struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io { uint16_t ep; uint16_t flags; uint32_t length; char data[0]; }; #define USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_INIT _IOW('U', 0, struct usb_fuzzer_init) #define USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_RUN _IO('U', 1) #define USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_EVENT_FETCH _IOR('U', 2, struct usb_fuzzer_event) #define USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_EP0_WRITE _IOW('U', 3, struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io) #define USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_EP0_READ _IOWR('U', 4, struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io) #define USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_EP_ENABLE _IOW('U', 5, struct usb_endpoint_descriptor) #define USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_EP_WRITE _IOW('U', 7, struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io) #define USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_EP_READ _IOWR('U', 8, struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io) #define USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_CONFIGURE _IO('U', 9) #define USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_VBUS_DRAW _IOW('U', 10, uint32_t) int usb_fuzzer_open() { return open("/sys/kernel/debug/usb-fuzzer", O_RDWR); } int usb_fuzzer_init(int fd, uint32_t speed, const char* driver, const char* device) { struct usb_fuzzer_init arg; arg.speed = speed; arg.driver_name = driver; arg.device_name = device; return ioctl(fd, USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_INIT, &arg); } int usb_fuzzer_run(int fd) { return ioctl(fd, USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_RUN, 0); } int usb_fuzzer_event_fetch(int fd, struct usb_fuzzer_event* event) { return ioctl(fd, USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_EVENT_FETCH, event); } int usb_fuzzer_ep0_write(int fd, struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io* io) { return ioctl(fd, USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_EP0_WRITE, io); } int usb_fuzzer_ep0_read(int fd, struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io* io) { return ioctl(fd, USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_EP0_READ, io); } int usb_fuzzer_ep_write(int fd, struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io* io) { return ioctl(fd, USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_EP_WRITE, io); } int usb_fuzzer_ep_read(int fd, struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io* io) { return ioctl(fd, USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_EP_READ, io); } int usb_fuzzer_ep_enable(int fd, struct usb_endpoint_descriptor* desc) { return ioctl(fd, USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_EP_ENABLE, desc); } int usb_fuzzer_configure(int fd) { return ioctl(fd, USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_CONFIGURE, 0); } int usb_fuzzer_vbus_draw(int fd, uint32_t power) { return ioctl(fd, USB_FUZZER_IOCTL_VBUS_DRAW, power); } #define USB_MAX_PACKET_SIZE 1024 struct usb_fuzzer_control_event { struct usb_fuzzer_event inner; struct usb_ctrlrequest ctrl; char data[USB_MAX_PACKET_SIZE]; }; struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io_data { struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io inner; char data[USB_MAX_PACKET_SIZE]; }; struct vusb_connect_string_descriptor { uint32_t len; char* str; } __attribute__((packed)); struct vusb_connect_descriptors { uint32_t qual_len; char* qual; uint32_t bos_len; char* bos; uint32_t strs_len; struct vusb_connect_string_descriptor strs[0]; } __attribute__((packed)); static const char default_string[] = {8, USB_DT_STRING, 's', 0, 'y', 0, 'z', 0}; static const char default_lang_id[] = {4, USB_DT_STRING, 0x09, 0x04}; static bool lookup_connect_response(struct vusb_connect_descriptors* descs, struct usb_device_index* index, struct usb_ctrlrequest* ctrl, char** response_data, uint32_t* response_length) { uint8_t str_idx; switch (ctrl->bRequestType & USB_TYPE_MASK) { case USB_TYPE_STANDARD: switch (ctrl->bRequest) { case USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR: switch (ctrl->wValue >> 8) { case USB_DT_DEVICE: *response_data = (char*)index->dev; *response_length = sizeof(*index->dev); return true; case USB_DT_CONFIG: *response_data = (char*)index->config; *response_length = index->config_length; return true; case USB_DT_STRING: str_idx = (uint8_t)ctrl->wValue; if (descs && str_idx < descs->strs_len) { *response_data = descs->strs[str_idx].str; *response_length = descs->strs[str_idx].len; return true; } if (str_idx == 0) { *response_data = (char*)&default_lang_id[0]; *response_length = default_lang_id[0]; return true; } *response_data = (char*)&default_string[0]; *response_length = default_string[0]; return true; case USB_DT_BOS: *response_data = descs->bos; *response_length = descs->bos_len; return true; case USB_DT_DEVICE_QUALIFIER: *response_data = descs->qual; *response_length = descs->qual_len; return true; default: exit(1); return false; } break; default: exit(1); return false; } break; default: exit(1); return false; } return false; } static volatile long syz_usb_connect(volatile long a0, volatile long a1, volatile long a2, volatile long a3) { uint64_t speed = a0; uint64_t dev_len = a1; char* dev = (char*)a2; struct vusb_connect_descriptors* descs = (struct vusb_connect_descriptors*)a3; if (!dev) { return -1; } struct usb_device_index index; memset(&index, 0, sizeof(index)); int rv = 0; rv = parse_usb_descriptor(dev, dev_len, &index); if (!rv) { return rv; } int fd = usb_fuzzer_open(); if (fd < 0) { return fd; } char device[32]; sprintf(&device[0], "dummy_udc.%llu", procid); rv = usb_fuzzer_init(fd, speed, "dummy_udc", &device[0]); if (rv < 0) { return rv; } rv = usb_fuzzer_run(fd); if (rv < 0) { return rv; } bool done = false; while (!done) { struct usb_fuzzer_control_event event; event.inner.type = 0; event.inner.length = sizeof(event.ctrl); rv = usb_fuzzer_event_fetch(fd, (struct usb_fuzzer_event*)&event); if (rv < 0) { return rv; } if (event.inner.type != USB_FUZZER_EVENT_CONTROL) continue; bool response_found = false; char* response_data = NULL; uint32_t response_length = 0; if (event.ctrl.bRequestType & USB_DIR_IN) { response_found = lookup_connect_response( descs, &index, &event.ctrl, &response_data, &response_length); if (!response_found) { return -1; } } else { if ((event.ctrl.bRequestType & USB_TYPE_MASK) != USB_TYPE_STANDARD || event.ctrl.bRequest != USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION) { exit(1); return -1; } done = true; } if (done) { rv = usb_fuzzer_vbus_draw(fd, index.config->bMaxPower); if (rv < 0) { return rv; } rv = usb_fuzzer_configure(fd); if (rv < 0) { return rv; } unsigned ep; for (ep = 0; ep < index.ifaces[0].eps_num; ep++) { rv = usb_fuzzer_ep_enable(fd, index.ifaces[0].eps[ep]); if (rv < 0) { } else { } } } struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io_data response; response.inner.ep = 0; response.inner.flags = 0; if (response_length > sizeof(response.data)) response_length = 0; if (event.ctrl.wLength < response_length) response_length = event.ctrl.wLength; response.inner.length = response_length; if (response_data) memcpy(&response.data[0], response_data, response_length); else memset(&response.data[0], 0, response_length); if (event.ctrl.bRequestType & USB_DIR_IN) { rv = usb_fuzzer_ep0_write(fd, (struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io*)&response); } else { rv = usb_fuzzer_ep0_read(fd, (struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io*)&response); } if (rv < 0) { return rv; } } sleep_ms(200); return fd; } struct vusb_descriptor { uint8_t req_type; uint8_t desc_type; uint32_t len; char data[0]; } __attribute__((packed)); struct vusb_descriptors { uint32_t len; struct vusb_descriptor* generic; struct vusb_descriptor* descs[0]; } __attribute__((packed)); struct vusb_response { uint8_t type; uint8_t req; uint32_t len; char data[0]; } __attribute__((packed)); struct vusb_responses { uint32_t len; struct vusb_response* generic; struct vusb_response* resps[0]; } __attribute__((packed)); static bool lookup_control_response(struct vusb_descriptors* descs, struct vusb_responses* resps, struct usb_ctrlrequest* ctrl, char** response_data, uint32_t* response_length) { int descs_num = 0; int resps_num = 0; if (descs) descs_num = (descs->len - offsetof(struct vusb_descriptors, descs)) / sizeof(descs->descs[0]); if (resps) resps_num = (resps->len - offsetof(struct vusb_responses, resps)) / sizeof(resps->resps[0]); uint8_t req = ctrl->bRequest; uint8_t req_type = ctrl->bRequestType & USB_TYPE_MASK; uint8_t desc_type = ctrl->wValue >> 8; if (req == USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR) { int i; for (i = 0; i < descs_num; i++) { struct vusb_descriptor* desc = descs->descs[i]; if (!desc) continue; if (desc->req_type == req_type && desc->desc_type == desc_type) { *response_length = desc->len; if (*response_length != 0) *response_data = &desc->data[0]; else *response_data = NULL; return true; } } if (descs && descs->generic) { *response_data = &descs->generic->data[0]; *response_length = descs->generic->len; return true; } } else { int i; for (i = 0; i < resps_num; i++) { struct vusb_response* resp = resps->resps[i]; if (!resp) continue; if (resp->type == req_type && resp->req == req) { *response_length = resp->len; if (*response_length != 0) *response_data = &resp->data[0]; else *response_data = NULL; return true; } } if (resps && resps->generic) { *response_data = &resps->generic->data[0]; *response_length = resps->generic->len; return true; } } return false; } static volatile long syz_usb_control_io(volatile long a0, volatile long a1, volatile long a2) { int fd = a0; struct vusb_descriptors* descs = (struct vusb_descriptors*)a1; struct vusb_responses* resps = (struct vusb_responses*)a2; struct usb_fuzzer_control_event event; event.inner.type = 0; event.inner.length = USB_MAX_PACKET_SIZE; int rv = usb_fuzzer_event_fetch(fd, (struct usb_fuzzer_event*)&event); if (rv < 0) { return rv; } if (event.inner.type != USB_FUZZER_EVENT_CONTROL) { return -1; } bool response_found = false; char* response_data = NULL; uint32_t response_length = 0; if (event.ctrl.bRequestType & USB_DIR_IN) { response_found = lookup_control_response(descs, resps, &event.ctrl, &response_data, &response_length); if (!response_found) { return -1; } } else { response_length = event.ctrl.wLength; } struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io_data response; response.inner.ep = 0; response.inner.flags = 0; if (response_length > sizeof(response.data)) response_length = 0; if (event.ctrl.wLength < response_length) response_length = event.ctrl.wLength; response.inner.length = response_length; if (response_data) memcpy(&response.data[0], response_data, response_length); else memset(&response.data[0], 0, response_length); if (event.ctrl.bRequestType & USB_DIR_IN) { rv = usb_fuzzer_ep0_write(fd, (struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io*)&response); } else { rv = usb_fuzzer_ep0_read(fd, (struct usb_fuzzer_ep_io*)&response); } if (rv < 0) { return rv; } sleep_ms(200); return 0; } static void setup_common() { if (mount(0, "/sys/fs/fuse/connections", "fusectl", 0, 0)) { } } static void loop(); static void sandbox_common() { prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL, 0, 0, 0); setpgrp(); setsid(); struct rlimit rlim; rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = (200 << 20); setrlimit(RLIMIT_AS, &rlim); rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = 32 << 20; setrlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, &rlim); rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = 136 << 20; setrlimit(RLIMIT_FSIZE, &rlim); rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = 1 << 20; setrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim); rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = 0; setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim); rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = 256; setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim); if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS)) { } if (unshare(CLONE_NEWIPC)) { } if (unshare(0x02000000)) { } if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUTS)) { } if (unshare(CLONE_SYSVSEM)) { } typedef struct { const char* name; const char* value; } sysctl_t; static const sysctl_t sysctls[] = { {"/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax", "16777216"}, {"/proc/sys/kernel/shmall", "536870912"}, {"/proc/sys/kernel/shmmni", "1024"}, {"/proc/sys/kernel/msgmax", "8192"}, {"/proc/sys/kernel/msgmni", "1024"}, {"/proc/sys/kernel/msgmnb", "1024"}, {"/proc/sys/kernel/sem", "1024 1048576 500 1024"}, }; unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(sysctls) / sizeof(sysctls[0]); i++) write_file(sysctls[i].name, sysctls[i].value); } int wait_for_loop(int pid) { if (pid < 0) exit(1); int status = 0; while (waitpid(-1, &status, __WALL) != pid) { } return WEXITSTATUS(status); } static void drop_caps(void) { struct __user_cap_header_struct cap_hdr = {}; struct __user_cap_data_struct cap_data[2] = {}; cap_hdr.version = _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3; cap_hdr.pid = getpid(); if (syscall(SYS_capget, &cap_hdr, &cap_data)) exit(1); const int drop = (1 << CAP_SYS_PTRACE) | (1 << CAP_SYS_NICE); cap_data[0].effective &= ~drop; cap_data[0].permitted &= ~drop; cap_data[0].inheritable &= ~drop; if (syscall(SYS_capset, &cap_hdr, &cap_data)) exit(1); } static int do_sandbox_none(void) { if (unshare(CLONE_NEWPID)) { } int pid = fork(); if (pid != 0) return wait_for_loop(pid); setup_common(); sandbox_common(); drop_caps(); if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNET)) { } loop(); exit(1); } static void close_fds() { int fd; for (fd = 3; fd < 30; fd++) close(fd); } uint64_t r[1] = {0xffffffffffffffff}; void loop(void) { intptr_t res = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000000 = 0x12; *(uint8_t*)0x20000001 = 1; *(uint16_t*)0x20000002 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000004 = 2; *(uint8_t*)0x20000005 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000006 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000007 = 0x40; *(uint16_t*)0x20000008 = 0x525; *(uint16_t*)0x2000000a = 0xa4a1; *(uint16_t*)0x2000000c = 0x40; *(uint8_t*)0x2000000e = 1; *(uint8_t*)0x2000000f = 2; *(uint8_t*)0x20000010 = 3; *(uint8_t*)0x20000011 = 1; *(uint8_t*)0x20000012 = 9; *(uint8_t*)0x20000013 = 2; *(uint16_t*)0x20000014 = 0x5c; *(uint8_t*)0x20000016 = 2; *(uint8_t*)0x20000017 = 1; *(uint8_t*)0x20000018 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000019 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000001a = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000001b = 9; *(uint8_t*)0x2000001c = 4; *(uint8_t*)0x2000001d = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000001e = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000001f = 1; *(uint8_t*)0x20000020 = 2; *(uint8_t*)0x20000021 = 0xd; *(uint8_t*)0x20000022 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000023 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000024 = 5; *(uint8_t*)0x20000025 = 0x24; *(uint8_t*)0x20000026 = 6; *(uint8_t*)0x20000027 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000028 = 1; *(uint8_t*)0x20000029 = 5; *(uint8_t*)0x2000002a = 0x24; *(uint8_t*)0x2000002b = 0; *(uint16_t*)0x2000002c = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000002e = 0xd; *(uint8_t*)0x2000002f = 0x24; *(uint8_t*)0x20000030 = 0xf; *(uint8_t*)0x20000031 = 1; *(uint32_t*)0x20000032 = 0; *(uint16_t*)0x20000036 = 0; *(uint16_t*)0x20000038 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000003a = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000003b = 6; *(uint8_t*)0x2000003c = 0x24; *(uint8_t*)0x2000003d = 0x1a; *(uint16_t*)0x2000003e = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000040 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000041 = 9; *(uint8_t*)0x20000042 = 5; *(uint8_t*)0x20000043 = 0x81; *(uint8_t*)0x20000044 = 3; *(uint16_t*)0x20000045 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000047 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000048 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000049 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000004a = 9; *(uint8_t*)0x2000004b = 4; *(uint8_t*)0x2000004c = 1; *(uint8_t*)0x2000004d = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000004e = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000004f = 2; *(uint8_t*)0x20000050 = 0xd; *(uint8_t*)0x20000051 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000052 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000053 = 9; *(uint8_t*)0x20000054 = 4; *(uint8_t*)0x20000055 = 1; *(uint8_t*)0x20000056 = 1; *(uint8_t*)0x20000057 = 2; *(uint8_t*)0x20000058 = 2; *(uint8_t*)0x20000059 = 0xd; *(uint8_t*)0x2000005a = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000005b = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000005c = 9; *(uint8_t*)0x2000005d = 5; *(uint8_t*)0x2000005e = 0x82; *(uint8_t*)0x2000005f = 2; *(uint16_t*)0x20000060 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000062 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000063 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000064 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x20000065 = 9; *(uint8_t*)0x20000066 = 5; *(uint8_t*)0x20000067 = 3; *(uint8_t*)0x20000068 = 2; *(uint16_t*)0x20000069 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000006b = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000006c = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x2000006d = 0; res = syz_usb_connect(0, 0x6e, 0x20000000, 0); if (res != -1) r[0] = res; syz_usb_control_io(r[0], 0, 0); syz_usb_control_io(r[0], 0, 0); *(uint32_t*)0x20001540 = 0xac; *(uint64_t*)0x20001544 = 0x20000240; *(uint8_t*)0x20000240 = 0x60; *(uint8_t*)0x20000241 = 0x15; *(uint32_t*)0x20000242 = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x2000154c = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x20001554 = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x2000155c = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x20001564 = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x2000156c = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x20001574 = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x2000157c = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x20001584 = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x2000158c = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x20001594 = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x2000159c = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x200015a4 = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x200015ac = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x200015b4 = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x200015bc = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x200015c4 = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x200015cc = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x200015d4 = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x200015dc = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x200015e4 = 0; syz_usb_control_io(r[0], 0, 0x20001540); syz_usb_control_io(r[0], 0, 0); *(uint32_t*)0x20000a00 = 0x14; *(uint64_t*)0x20000a04 = 0; *(uint64_t*)0x20000a0c = 0x200009c0; *(uint8_t*)0x200009c0 = 0; *(uint8_t*)0x200009c1 = 3; *(uint32_t*)0x200009c2 = 0x1a; *(uint8_t*)0x200009c6 = 0x1a; *(uint8_t*)0x200009c7 = 3; *(uint64_t*)0x200009c8 = htobe64(0x3400320034003200); *(uint64_t*)0x200009d0 = htobe64(0x3400320034003200); *(uint64_t*)0x200009d8 = htobe64(0x3400320034003200); syz_usb_control_io(r[0], 0x20000a00, 0); close_fds(); } int main(void) { syscall(__NR_mmap, 0x20000000, 0x1000000, 3, 0x32, -1, 0); do_sandbox_none(); return 0; }