last executing test programs:

kernel console output (not intermixed with test programs):

Warning: Permanently added '[localhost]:54797' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
syzkaller login: [  892.496432][ T3214] cgroup: Unknown subsys name 'net'
[  893.796789][ T3214] cgroup: Unknown subsys name 'cpuset'
[  894.028820][ T3214] cgroup: Unknown subsys name 'rlimit'
[  894.101343][ T3023] BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at mm/shmem.c:230
[  894.137771][ T3023] in_atomic(): 0, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 3023, name: syslogd
[  894.141802][ T3023] preempt_count: 0, expected: 0
[  894.143971][ T3023] RCU nest depth: 2, expected: 0
[  894.161530][ T3023] 4 locks held by syslogd/3023:
[  894.164055][ T3023]  #0: ffffaf801c0dc410 (sb_writers#5){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: vfs_write+0x8a0/0xc78
[  894.189258][ T3023]  #1: ffffaf801cacb280 (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#14){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: shmem_file_write_iter+0x78/0x138
[  894.207371][ T3023]  #2: ffffffff887f4120 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: lruvec_stat_mod_folio+0x5a/0x25c
[  894.221853][ T3023]  #3: ffffffff887f4120 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: lruvec_stat_mod_folio+0x5a/0x25c
[  894.230962][ T3023] CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 3023 Comm: syslogd Tainted: G        W           syzkaller #0 PREEMPT 
[  894.231898][ T3023] Tainted: [W]=WARN
[  894.232096][ T3023] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT)
[  894.232295][ T3023] Call Trace:
[  894.232486][ T3023] [<ffffffff8007c6da>] dump_backtrace+0x2e/0x3c
[  894.233014][ T3023] [<ffffffff80003284>] show_stack+0x30/0x3c
[  894.233451][ T3023] [<ffffffff80060a24>] dump_stack_lvl+0x114/0x1ac
[  894.234234][ T3023] [<ffffffff80060ad8>] dump_stack+0x1c/0x28
[  894.235026][ T3023] [<ffffffff8021bac6>] __might_resched+0x556/0x5b4
[  894.235653][ T3023] [<ffffffff8021bba4>] __might_sleep+0x80/0xc4
[  894.236150][ T3023] [<ffffffff80981e9a>] shmem_inode_acct_blocks+0xaa/0x410
[  894.236700][ T3023] [<ffffffff80986cf4>] shmem_alloc_and_add_folio+0x544/0x1a1c
[  894.237176][ T3023] [<ffffffff8098b412>] shmem_get_folio_gfp+0x5ea/0x173c
[  894.237644][ T3023] [<ffffffff8098e9d6>] shmem_write_begin+0x17e/0x360
[  894.238205][ T3023] [<ffffffff808c2c7e>] generic_perform_write+0x23e/0x944
[  894.238783][ T3023] [<ffffffff80974aa4>] shmem_file_write_iter+0x110/0x138
[  894.239232][ T3023] [<ffffffff80cbfcac>] vfs_write+0x648/0xc78
[  894.239621][ T3023] [<ffffffff80cc06ce>] ksys_write+0x126/0x238
[  894.239976][ T3023] [<ffffffff80cc084e>] __riscv_sys_write+0x6e/0x94
[  894.240415][ T3023] [<ffffffff80078f0a>] syscall_handler+0x92/0x114
[  894.240911][ T3023] [<ffffffff8648ebf0>] do_trap_ecall_u+0x3dc/0x61c
[  894.241497][ T3023] [<ffffffff864b9f62>] handle_exception+0x15e/0x16a
[  894.263166][ T3023] 
[  894.264134][ T3023] ================================================
[  894.266130][ T3023] WARNING: lock held when returning to user space!
[  894.268583][ T3023] syzkaller #0 Tainted: G        W          
[  894.269840][ T3023] ------------------------------------------------
[  894.270785][ T3023] syslogd/3023 is leaving the kernel with locks still held!
[  894.272903][ T3023] 2 locks held by syslogd/3023:
[  894.274291][ T3023]  #0: ffffffff887f4120 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: lruvec_stat_mod_folio+0x5a/0x25c
[  894.278146][ T3023]  #1: ffffffff887f4120 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: lruvec_stat_mod_folio+0x5a/0x25c
[  894.284098][ T3023] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[  894.285474][ T3023] Voluntary context switch within RCU read-side critical section!
[  894.287356][    C1] WARNING: [] kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:332 at rcu_note_context_switch+0xf7c/0x1a90, CPU#1: syslogd/3023
[  894.288559][    C1] Modules linked in:
[  894.289020][    C1] CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 3023 Comm: syslogd Tainted: G        W           syzkaller #0 PREEMPT 
[  894.289843][    C1] Tainted: [W]=WARN
[  894.290056][    C1] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT)
[  894.290320][    C1] epc : rcu_note_context_switch+0xf7c/0x1a90
[  894.291060][    C1]  ra : rcu_note_context_switch+0xf7c/0x1a90
[  894.291787][    C1] epc : ffffffff803a7888 ra : ffffffff803a7888 sp : ffff8f8003d47b30
[  894.292208][    C1]  gp : ffffffff8a24a9a0 tp : ffffaf801ba03580 t0 : ffff8f8003d476f4
[  894.292633][    C1]  t1 : fffffffef1449e50 t2 : 2d2d2d2d2d2d2d2d s0 : ffff8f8003d47c20
[  894.293040][    C1]  s1 : ffffaf8072c9f780 a0 : 0000000000000005 a1 : 0000000000000000
[  894.293441][    C1]  a2 : 0000000000000002 a3 : ffffffff8014e99c a4 : 0000000000000000
[  894.293860][    C1]  a5 : 0000000000000000 a6 : 0000000000000003 a7 : 0000000000000003
[  894.294232][    C1]  s2 : 0000000000000000 s3 : ffffaf801ba03580 s4 : ffffffff8a1eabe0
[  894.294638][    C1]  s5 : ffffaf801ba03580 s6 : ffff8f8003d47d20 s7 : ffffffff8687e880
[  894.295043][    C1]  s8 : ffffffff8a28fb00 s9 : 000000000000006b s10: ffffffff91623ec0
[  894.295486][    C1]  s11: 0000000000000001 t3 : ffffffff88073db8 t4 : fffffffef1449e50
[  894.295877][    C1]  t5 : fffffffef1449e51 t6 : ffff8f8003d474b8 ssp : 0000000000000000
[  894.296278][    C1] status: 0000000200000100 badaddr: ffffffff803a7888 cause: 0000000000000003
[  894.296686][    C1] [<ffffffff803a7888>] rcu_note_context_switch+0xf7c/0x1a90
[  894.297650][    C1] [<ffffffff864991f2>] __schedule+0x2b2/0x4dec
[  894.298335][    C1] [<ffffffff8649dde0>] schedule+0xb4/0x334
[  894.298947][    C1] [<ffffffff86490602>] irqentry_exit+0x516/0xd78
[  894.299796][    C1] [<ffffffff8648f2d4>] do_irq+0x34/0x4c
[  894.300596][    C1] [<ffffffff864b9f40>] handle_exception+0x13c/0x16a
[  894.302675][    C1] Kernel panic - not syncing: kernel: panic_on_warn set ...
[  894.303835][    C1] CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 3023 Comm: syslogd Tainted: G        W           syzkaller #0 PREEMPT 
[  894.304788][    C1] Tainted: [W]=WARN
[  894.305061][    C1] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT)
[  894.305352][    C1] Call Trace:
[  894.305622][    C1] [<ffffffff8007c6da>] dump_backtrace+0x2e/0x3c
[  894.306632][    C1] [<ffffffff80003284>] show_stack+0x30/0x3c
[  894.307249][    C1] [<ffffffff80060a24>] dump_stack_lvl+0x114/0x1ac
[  894.308228][    C1] [<ffffffff80060ad8>] dump_stack+0x1c/0x28
[  894.309172][    C1] [<ffffffff80003b42>] vpanic+0x32e/0x75c
[  894.309832][    C1] [<ffffffff80004010>] panic+0xa0/0xa4
[  894.310439][    C1] [<ffffffff8014f548>] check_panic_on_warn+0xc0/0xe4
[  894.311120][    C1] [<ffffffff8014f926>] __warn+0x216/0x630
[  894.311777][    C1] [<ffffffff863f0bdc>] __report_bug+0x1d4/0x2ac
[  894.312514][    C1] [<ffffffff863f107c>] report_bug+0xd8/0x28c
[  894.313218][    C1] [<ffffffff8007b6fa>] handle_break+0x13a/0x30c
[  894.314066][    C1] [<ffffffff8648e5ea>] do_trap_break+0x22e/0x458
[  894.314978][    C1] [<ffffffff864b9f62>] handle_exception+0x15e/0x16a
[  894.315892][    C1] [<ffffffff803a7888>] rcu_note_context_switch+0xf7c/0x1a90
[  894.316707][    C1] [<ffffffff864991f2>] __schedule+0x2b2/0x4dec
[  894.317309][    C1] [<ffffffff8649dde0>] schedule+0xb4/0x334
[  894.317906][    C1] [<ffffffff86490602>] irqentry_exit+0x516/0xd78
[  894.318777][    C1] [<ffffffff8648f2d4>] do_irq+0x34/0x4c
[  894.319584][    C1] [<ffffffff864b9f40>] handle_exception+0x13c/0x16a
[  894.320834][    C1] SMP: stopping secondary CPUs