BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.15  pfn:58c9b
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x58c9b
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888021ec6000 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 6595, tgid 6592 (syz.0.15), ts 136384990049, free_ts 132688260011
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1851
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1859 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x21d5/0x22b0 mm/page_alloc.c:3858
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5148
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5182 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5102
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x127/0x740 net/core/page_pool.c:567
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:951
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5329 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5370 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 6485 tgid 6485 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbb1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 vfree+0x25a/0x400 mm/vmalloc.c:3434
 kcov_put kernel/kcov.c:439 [inline]
 kcov_close+0x28/0x50 kernel/kcov.c:535
 __fput+0x449/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468
 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227
 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:40 [inline]
 do_exit+0x6b5/0x2300 kernel/exit.c:966
 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1107
 get_signal+0x125e/0x1310 kernel/signal.c:3034
 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x9a/0x750 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337
 exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x75/0x110 kernel/entry/common.c:40
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6595 Comm: syz.0.15 Not tainted 6.16.0-syzkaller-g186f3edfdd41 #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xcd1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4181 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x3a5/0x750 net/core/filter.c:4201
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4219
 bpf_prog_f476d5219b92964a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:718 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:657 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x64b/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5260
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5376 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7fd5a577e98f
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007fd5a64fb020 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd5a5945fa0 RCX: 00007fd5a577e98f
RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 00000000200004c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007fd5a57f3cc8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fd5a5945fa0 R15: 00007ffd57dd21b8
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.15  pfn:58c9c
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x58c9c
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888021ec6000 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 6595, tgid 6592 (syz.0.15), ts 136384974304, free_ts 132688275093
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1851
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1859 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x21d5/0x22b0 mm/page_alloc.c:3858
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5148
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5182 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5102
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x127/0x740 net/core/page_pool.c:567
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:951
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5329 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5370 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 6485 tgid 6485 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbb1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 vfree+0x25a/0x400 mm/vmalloc.c:3434
 kcov_put kernel/kcov.c:439 [inline]
 kcov_close+0x28/0x50 kernel/kcov.c:535
 __fput+0x449/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468
 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227
 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:40 [inline]
 do_exit+0x6b5/0x2300 kernel/exit.c:966
 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1107
 get_signal+0x125e/0x1310 kernel/signal.c:3034
 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x9a/0x750 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337
 exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x75/0x110 kernel/entry/common.c:40
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6595 Comm: syz.0.15 Tainted: G    B               6.16.0-syzkaller-g186f3edfdd41 #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xcd1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4181 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x3a5/0x750 net/core/filter.c:4201
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4219
 bpf_prog_f476d5219b92964a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:718 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:657 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x64b/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5260
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5376 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7fd5a577e98f
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007fd5a64fb020 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd5a5945fa0 RCX: 00007fd5a577e98f
RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 00000000200004c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007fd5a57f3cc8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fd5a5945fa0 R15: 00007ffd57dd21b8
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.15  pfn:58c9d
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x58c9d
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888021ec6000 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 6595, tgid 6592 (syz.0.15), ts 136384957269, free_ts 132688289909
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1851
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1859 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x21d5/0x22b0 mm/page_alloc.c:3858
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5148
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5182 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5102
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x127/0x740 net/core/page_pool.c:567
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:951
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5329 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5370 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 6485 tgid 6485 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbb1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 vfree+0x25a/0x400 mm/vmalloc.c:3434
 kcov_put kernel/kcov.c:439 [inline]
 kcov_close+0x28/0x50 kernel/kcov.c:535
 __fput+0x449/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468
 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227
 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:40 [inline]
 do_exit+0x6b5/0x2300 kernel/exit.c:966
 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1107
 get_signal+0x125e/0x1310 kernel/signal.c:3034
 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x9a/0x750 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337
 exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x75/0x110 kernel/entry/common.c:40
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6595 Comm: syz.0.15 Tainted: G    B               6.16.0-syzkaller-g186f3edfdd41 #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xcd1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4181 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x3a5/0x750 net/core/filter.c:4201
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4219
 bpf_prog_f476d5219b92964a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:718 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:657 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x64b/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5260
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5376 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7fd5a577e98f
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007fd5a64fb020 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd5a5945fa0 RCX: 00007fd5a577e98f
RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 00000000200004c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007fd5a57f3cc8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fd5a5945fa0 R15: 00007ffd57dd21b8
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.15  pfn:58c9e
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x58c9e
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888021ec6000 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 6595, tgid 6592 (syz.0.15), ts 136384941675, free_ts 132688304966
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1851
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1859 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x21d5/0x22b0 mm/page_alloc.c:3858
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5148
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5182 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5102
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x127/0x740 net/core/page_pool.c:567
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:951
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5329 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5370 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 6485 tgid 6485 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbb1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 vfree+0x25a/0x400 mm/vmalloc.c:3434
 kcov_put kernel/kcov.c:439 [inline]
 kcov_close+0x28/0x50 kernel/kcov.c:535
 __fput+0x449/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468
 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227
 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:40 [inline]
 do_exit+0x6b5/0x2300 kernel/exit.c:966
 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1107
 get_signal+0x125e/0x1310 kernel/signal.c:3034
 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x9a/0x750 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337
 exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x75/0x110 kernel/entry/common.c:40
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6595 Comm: syz.0.15 Tainted: G    B               6.16.0-syzkaller-g186f3edfdd41 #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xcd1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4181 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x3a5/0x750 net/core/filter.c:4201
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4219
 bpf_prog_f476d5219b92964a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:718 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:657 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x64b/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5260
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5376 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7fd5a577e98f
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007fd5a64fb020 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd5a5945fa0 RCX: 00007fd5a577e98f
RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 00000000200004c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007fd5a57f3cc8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fd5a5945fa0 R15: 00007ffd57dd21b8
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.15  pfn:58c9f
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x58c9f
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888021ec6000 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 6595, tgid 6592 (syz.0.15), ts 136384913932, free_ts 132688319875
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1851
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1859 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x21d5/0x22b0 mm/page_alloc.c:3858
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5148
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5182 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5102
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x127/0x740 net/core/page_pool.c:567
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:951
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5329 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5370 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 6485 tgid 6485 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbb1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 vfree+0x25a/0x400 mm/vmalloc.c:3434
 kcov_put kernel/kcov.c:439 [inline]
 kcov_close+0x28/0x50 kernel/kcov.c:535
 __fput+0x449/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468
 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227
 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:40 [inline]
 do_exit+0x6b5/0x2300 kernel/exit.c:966
 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1107
 get_signal+0x125e/0x1310 kernel/signal.c:3034
 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x9a/0x750 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337
 exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x75/0x110 kernel/entry/common.c:40
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6595 Comm: syz.0.15 Tainted: G    B               6.16.0-syzkaller-g186f3edfdd41 #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xcd1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4181 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x3a5/0x750 net/core/filter.c:4201
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4219
 bpf_prog_f476d5219b92964a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:718 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:657 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x64b/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5260
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5376 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7fd5a577e98f
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007fd5a64fb020 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd5a5945fa0 RCX: 00007fd5a577e98f
RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 00000000200004c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007fd5a57f3cc8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fd5a5945fa0 R15: 00007ffd57dd21b8
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.15  pfn:58ca0
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x58ca0
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888021ec6000 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 6595, tgid 6592 (syz.0.15), ts 136384897105, free_ts 132688334877
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1851
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1859 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x21d5/0x22b0 mm/page_alloc.c:3858
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5148
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5182 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5102
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x127/0x740 net/core/page_pool.c:567
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:951
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5329 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5370 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 6485 tgid 6485 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbb1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 vfree+0x25a/0x400 mm/vmalloc.c:3434
 kcov_put kernel/kcov.c:439 [inline]
 kcov_close+0x28/0x50 kernel/kcov.c:535
 __fput+0x449/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468
 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227
 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:40 [inline]
 do_exit+0x6b5/0x2300 kernel/exit.c:966
 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1107
 get_signal+0x125e/0x1310 kernel/signal.c:3034
 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x9a/0x750 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337
 exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x75/0x110 kernel/entry/common.c:40
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6595 Comm: syz.0.15 Tainted: G    B               6.16.0-syzkaller-g186f3edfdd41 #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xcd1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4181 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x3a5/0x750 net/core/filter.c:4201
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4219
 bpf_prog_f476d5219b92964a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:718 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:657 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x64b/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5260
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5376 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7fd5a577e98f
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007fd5a64fb020 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd5a5945fa0 RCX: 00007fd5a577e98f
RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 00000000200004c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007fd5a57f3cc8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fd5a5945fa0 R15: 00007ffd57dd21b8
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.15  pfn:58ca1
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x58ca1
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888021ec6000 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 6595, tgid 6592 (syz.0.15), ts 136384880631, free_ts 132688350122
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1851
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1859 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x21d5/0x22b0 mm/page_alloc.c:3858
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5148
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5182 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5102
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x127/0x740 net/core/page_pool.c:567
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:951
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5329 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5370 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 6485 tgid 6485 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbb1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 vfree+0x25a/0x400 mm/vmalloc.c:3434
 kcov_put kernel/kcov.c:439 [inline]
 kcov_close+0x28/0x50 kernel/kcov.c:535
 __fput+0x449/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468
 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227
 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:40 [inline]
 do_exit+0x6b5/0x2300 kernel/exit.c:966
 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1107
 get_signal+0x125e/0x1310 kernel/signal.c:3034
 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x9a/0x750 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337
 exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x75/0x110 kernel/entry/common.c:40
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6595 Comm: syz.0.15 Tainted: G    B               6.16.0-syzkaller-g186f3edfdd41 #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xcd1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4181 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x3a5/0x750 net/core/filter.c:4201
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4219
 bpf_prog_f476d5219b92964a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:718 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:657 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x64b/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5260
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5376 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7fd5a577e98f
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007fd5a64fb020 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd5a5945fa0 RCX: 00007fd5a577e98f
RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 00000000200004c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007fd5a57f3cc8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fd5a5945fa0 R15: 00007ffd57dd21b8
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.15  pfn:58ca2
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x58ca2
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888021ec6000 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 6595, tgid 6592 (syz.0.15), ts 136384864907, free_ts 132688365968
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1851
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1859 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x21d5/0x22b0 mm/page_alloc.c:3858
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5148
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5182 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5102
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x127/0x740 net/core/page_pool.c:567
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:951
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5329 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5370 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 6485 tgid 6485 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbb1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 vfree+0x25a/0x400 mm/vmalloc.c:3434
 kcov_put kernel/kcov.c:439 [inline]
 kcov_close+0x28/0x50 kernel/kcov.c:535
 __fput+0x449/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468
 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227
 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:40 [inline]
 do_exit+0x6b5/0x2300 kernel/exit.c:966
 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1107
 get_signal+0x125e/0x1310 kernel/signal.c:3034
 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x9a/0x750 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337
 exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x75/0x110 kernel/entry/common.c:40
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6595 Comm: syz.0.15 Tainted: G    B               6.16.0-syzkaller-g186f3edfdd41 #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xcd1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4181 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x3a5/0x750 net/core/filter.c:4201
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4219
 bpf_prog_f476d5219b92964a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:718 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:657 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x64b/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5260
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5376 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7fd5a577e98f
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007fd5a64fb020 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd5a5945fa0 RCX: 00007fd5a577e98f
RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 00000000200004c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007fd5a57f3cc8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fd5a5945fa0 R15: 00007ffd57dd21b8
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.15  pfn:58ca3
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x58ca3
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888021ec6000 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 6595, tgid 6592 (syz.0.15), ts 136384845846, free_ts 132688380925
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1851
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1859 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x21d5/0x22b0 mm/page_alloc.c:3858
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5148
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5182 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5102
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x127/0x740 net/core/page_pool.c:567
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:951
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5329 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5370 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 6485 tgid 6485 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbb1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 vfree+0x25a/0x400 mm/vmalloc.c:3434
 kcov_put kernel/kcov.c:439 [inline]
 kcov_close+0x28/0x50 kernel/kcov.c:535
 __fput+0x449/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468
 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227
 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:40 [inline]
 do_exit+0x6b5/0x2300 kernel/exit.c:966
 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1107
 get_signal+0x125e/0x1310 kernel/signal.c:3034
 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x9a/0x750 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337
 exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x75/0x110 kernel/entry/common.c:40
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6595 Comm: syz.0.15 Tainted: G    B               6.16.0-syzkaller-g186f3edfdd41 #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xcd1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4181 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x3a5/0x750 net/core/filter.c:4201
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4219
 bpf_prog_f476d5219b92964a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:718 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:657 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x64b/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5260
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5376 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7fd5a577e98f
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007fd5a64fb020 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd5a5945fa0 RCX: 00007fd5a577e98f
RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 00000000200004c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007fd5a57f3cc8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fd5a5945fa0 R15: 00007ffd57dd21b8
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.15  pfn:58ca4
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x58ca4
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888021ec6000 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 6595, tgid 6592 (syz.0.15), ts 136384828381, free_ts 132688395610
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1851
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1859 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x21d5/0x22b0 mm/page_alloc.c:3858
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5148
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5182 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5102
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x127/0x740 net/core/page_pool.c:567
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:951
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5329 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5370 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 6485 tgid 6485 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbb1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 vfree+0x25a/0x400 mm/vmalloc.c:3434
 kcov_put kernel/kcov.c:439 [inline]
 kcov_close+0x28/0x50 kernel/kcov.c:535
 __fput+0x449/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468
 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227
 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:40 [inline]
 do_exit+0x6b5/0x2300 kernel/exit.c:966
 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1107
 get_signal+0x125e/0x1310 kernel/signal.c:3034
 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x9a/0x750 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337
 exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x75/0x110 kernel/entry/common.c:40
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6595 Comm: syz.0.15 Tainted: G    B               6.16.0-syzkaller-g186f3edfdd41 #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xcd1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4181 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x3a5/0x750 net/core/filter.c:4201
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4219
 bpf_prog_f476d5219b92964a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:718 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:657 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x64b/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5260
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5376 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7fd5a577e98f
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007fd5a64fb020 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd5a5945fa0 RCX: 00007fd5a577e98f
RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 00000000200004c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007fd5a57f3cc8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fd5a5945fa0 R15: 00007ffd57dd21b8
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.15  pfn:58ca5
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x58ca5
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888021ec6000 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 6595, tgid 6592 (syz.0.15), ts 136384807798, free_ts 132688410366
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1851
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1859 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x21d5/0x22b0 mm/page_alloc.c:3858
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5148
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5182 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5102
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:254 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x127/0x740 net/core/page_pool.c:567
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:951
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5329 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5370 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 6485 tgid 6485 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbb1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 vfree+0x25a/0x400 mm/vmalloc.c:3434
 kcov_put kernel/kcov.c:439 [inline]
 kcov_close+0x28/0x50 kernel/kcov.c:535
 __fput+0x449/0xa70 fs/file_table.c:468
 task_work_run+0x1d4/0x260 kernel/task_work.c:227
 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:40 [inline]
 do_exit+0x6b5/0x2300 kernel/exit.c:966
 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1107
 get_signal+0x125e/0x1310 kernel/signal.c:3034
 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x9a/0x750 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337
 exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x75/0x110 kernel/entry/common.c:40
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:225 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:175 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:210 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x2bd/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6595 Comm: syz.0.15 Tainted: G    B               6.16.0-syzkaller-g186f3edfdd41 #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xcd1/0xd20 mm/page_alloc.c:2895
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4181 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x3a5/0x750 net/core/filter.c:4201
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4219
 bpf_prog_f476d5219b92964a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:718 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:657 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x64b/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5260
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5376 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x11a0 net/core/dev.c:5438
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x17f9/0x4020 net/core/dev.c:5789
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:5977 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6092
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6178 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1cb/0x790 net/core/dev.c:6237
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa2/0x3e20 drivers/net/tun.c:1950
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1996
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x54b/0xa90 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7fd5a577e98f
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007fd5a64fb020 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd5a5945fa0 RCX: 00007fd5a577e98f
RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 00000000200004c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007fd5a57f3cc8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fd5a5945fa0 R15: 00007ffd57dd21b8
 </TASK>