SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed

Status: premoderation: reported syz repro on 2026/08/28 20:16
Reported-by: syzbot+acbf7bdcb2ff757a6e97@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
First crash: 49d, last: now
▶ ▼ Similar bugs (9)
Kernel Title Rank 🛈 Repro Cause bisect Fix bisect Count Last Reported Patched Status
android-5-15 SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed (2) origin:upstream -1 syz 2148 1h00m 49d 0/2 premoderation: reported syz repro on 2026/08/27 23:48
android-6-1 SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed origin:upstream -1 syz 1657 39m 37d 0/2 premoderation: reported syz repro on 2026/09/09 14:38
android-5-10 SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed -1 1 577d 577d 0/2 auto-obsoleted due to no activity on 2025/06/16 19:34
linux-6.6 SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed origin:upstream -1 syz 269 1h45m 44d 0/2 upstream: reported syz repro on 2026/09/02 23:13
linux-6.1 SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed -1 syz 278 6h00m 43d 0/3 upstream: reported syz repro on 2026/09/03 11:04
android-5-15 SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed -1 1 717d 717d 0/2 auto-obsoleted due to no activity on 2025/01/27 03:26
android-5-10 SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed (2) -1 syz 301 1h42m 49d 0/2 premoderation: reported syz repro on 2026/08/28 01:15
linux-5.15 SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed -1 syz 60 5h47m 39d 0/3 upstream: reported syz repro on 2026/09/07 01:26
upstream SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed prio:low -1 1 145d 145d 0/29 auto-obsoleted due to no activity on 2026/08/22 09:44

Sample crash report:
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
 (errno 2: No such file or directory)
loop exited with status 67
SYZFAIL: repeatedly failed to execute the program
proc=7 req=28 state=3 status=67 (errno 32: Broken pipe)
connection error: failed to recv *flatrpc.ExecutorMessageRawT: EOF

Crashes (1137):
Time Kernel Commit Syzkaller Config Log Report Syz repro C repro VM info Assets (help?) Manager Title
2026/10/16 23:16 android16-6.12 0a5243953af0 4c840a2f .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 21:38 android16-6.12 0a5243953af0 4c840a2f .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 18:11 android16-6.12 0a5243953af0 4c840a2f .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 12:37 android16-6.12 0a5243953af0 4c840a2f .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 08:58 android16-6.12 1973ed3d1d63 3f2522c6 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 07:39 android16-6.12 1973ed3d1d63 3f2522c6 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 05:59 android16-6.12 1973ed3d1d63 3f2522c6 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/15 06:29 android16-6.12 4fc23344fdfc 8fb0ae89 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/15 05:20 android16-6.12 4fc23344fdfc 8fb0ae89 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 23:08 android16-6.12 9dd8cf331e61 1a71827b .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/13 14:01 android16-6.12 3f843d670131 5a1eeac4 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/13 13:07 android16-6.12 3f843d670131 5a1eeac4 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/11 22:44 android16-6.12 c82b35cb007f 4f92358f .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/11 19:57 android16-6.12 c82b35cb007f 4f92358f .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/11 14:36 android16-6.12 c82b35cb007f 4f92358f .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/11 13:16 android16-6.12 c82b35cb007f 4f92358f .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/11 10:07 android16-6.12 c82b35cb007f 4f92358f .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/10 22:09 android16-6.12 e65d894191a4 4f92358f .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/10 04:50 android16-6.12 e65d894191a4 4f92358f .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/09 14:32 android16-6.12 e65d894191a4 b2734a59 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/09 07:05 android16-6.12 e65d894191a4 b2734a59 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/08 19:54 android16-6.12 e65d894191a4 b2734a59 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/08 15:57 android16-6.12 c7ad8c94d619 4f6a9fcf .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/08 11:50 android16-6.12 c7ad8c94d619 4f6a9fcf .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/08 03:15 android16-6.12 c7ad8c94d619 6520ecdb .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/08 02:43 android16-6.12 c7ad8c94d619 6520ecdb .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/07 06:27 android16-6.12 85581c945c56 f7710056 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/06 19:19 android16-6.12 02e193b62eb3 f7710056 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/06 11:12 android16-6.12 31493cc8d965 f7710056 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/06 10:43 android16-6.12 31493cc8d965 f7710056 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/06 04:57 android16-6.12 31493cc8d965 f7710056 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/06 03:24 android16-6.12 31493cc8d965 f7710056 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/06 01:15 android16-6.12 31493cc8d965 f7710056 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/05 19:09 android16-6.12 3a7d1771d492 af63e995 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/05 09:22 android16-6.12 3a7d1771d492 57bbd979 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/05 08:58 android16-6.12 3a7d1771d492 57bbd979 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/04 19:58 android16-6.12 3a7d1771d492 57bbd979 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/04 16:54 android16-6.12 3a7d1771d492 57bbd979 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/04 11:38 android16-6.12 3a7d1771d492 57bbd979 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/04 03:19 android16-6.12 3a7d1771d492 57bbd979 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/04 00:58 android16-6.12 3a7d1771d492 57bbd979 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/03 23:36 android16-6.12 3a7d1771d492 57bbd979 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/09/25 06:45 android16-6.12 558b94a8d268 f281d9d2 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/09/08 02:03 android16-6.12 e0485c4d49da 680aa3e1 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 22:53 android16-6.12 0a5243953af0 4c840a2f .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 20:58 android16-6.12 0a5243953af0 4c840a2f .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 19:34 android16-6.12 0a5243953af0 4c840a2f .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 17:17 android16-6.12 0a5243953af0 4c840a2f .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 16:09 android16-6.12 0a5243953af0 4c840a2f .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 14:55 android16-6.12 0a5243953af0 4c840a2f .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 10:11 android16-6.12 0a5243953af0 3f2522c6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 06:54 android16-6.12 1973ed3d1d63 3f2522c6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 04:46 android16-6.12 1973ed3d1d63 3f2522c6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 02:46 android16-6.12 1973ed3d1d63 3f2522c6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/16 00:59 android16-6.12 1973ed3d1d63 3f2522c6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/15 23:28 android16-6.12 1973ed3d1d63 3f2522c6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/15 21:33 android16-6.12 1973ed3d1d63 3f2522c6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/15 20:29 android16-6.12 1973ed3d1d63 3f2522c6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/15 18:34 android16-6.12 1973ed3d1d63 8fb0ae89 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/15 18:04 android16-6.12 1973ed3d1d63 8fb0ae89 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/15 15:32 android16-6.12 1973ed3d1d63 8fb0ae89 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/15 14:09 android16-6.12 4fc23344fdfc 8fb0ae89 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/15 12:06 android16-6.12 4fc23344fdfc 8fb0ae89 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/15 06:22 android16-6.12 4fc23344fdfc 8fb0ae89 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/15 04:47 android16-6.12 4fc23344fdfc 8fb0ae89 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/15 02:16 android16-6.12 4fc23344fdfc 8fb0ae89 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/15 02:14 android16-6.12 4fc23344fdfc 8fb0ae89 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 22:31 android16-6.12 9dd8cf331e61 1a71827b .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 20:00 android16-6.12 9dd8cf331e61 1a71827b .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 18:47 android16-6.12 9dd8cf331e61 1a71827b .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 17:07 android16-6.12 9dd8cf331e61 1a71827b .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 15:37 android16-6.12 9dd8cf331e61 1a71827b .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 15:26 android16-6.12 9dd8cf331e61 1a71827b .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 14:17 android16-6.12 9dd8cf331e61 1a71827b .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 11:48 android16-6.12 9dd8cf331e61 1a71827b .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 09:01 android16-6.12 ffba6317c672 7321cd29 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 07:10 android16-6.12 ffba6317c672 7321cd29 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 06:01 android16-6.12 ffba6317c672 7321cd29 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 04:34 android16-6.12 ffba6317c672 7321cd29 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 03:21 android16-6.12 ffba6317c672 7321cd29 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 01:56 android16-6.12 ffba6317c672 7321cd29 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/14 00:00 android16-6.12 ffba6317c672 7321cd29 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/13 22:24 android16-6.12 ffba6317c672 7321cd29 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/13 19:51 android16-6.12 3f843d670131 5a1eeac4 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/13 17:23 android16-6.12 3f843d670131 5a1eeac4 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/13 15:14 android16-6.12 3f843d670131 5a1eeac4 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
2026/10/13 12:26 android16-6.12 3f843d670131 5a1eeac4 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-6-12-rust SYZFAIL: open(/proc/self/ns/net) failed
* Struck through repros no longer work on HEAD.