syzbot


kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!

Status: premoderation: reported C repro on 2023/05/05 07:30
Reported-by: syzbot+1adb0806292bb158dcab@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
First crash: 350d, last: 2d17h
Cause bisection: failed (error log, bisect log)
  
Similar bugs (14)
Kernel Title Repro Cause bisect Fix bisect Count Last Reported Patched Status
android-5-15 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init! origin:upstream missing-backport C error 380 4d07h 554d 0/2 premoderation: reported C repro on 2022/10/13 06:16
upstream kernel panic: Attempted to kill init! (5) kernel C done inconclusive 9 871d 1111d 0/26 auto-closed as invalid on 2022/09/05 15:05
android-49 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init! (2) syz 1 2353d 2353d 0/3 closed as invalid on 2017/12/06 10:59
upstream kernel panic: Attempted to kill init! C 1 2446d 2446d 0/26 closed as invalid on 2017/08/11 14:48
linux-4.14 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init! C 1 419d 525d 0/1 upstream: reported C repro on 2022/11/11 22:11
android-49 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init! C 1 2413d 2413d 0/3 closed as invalid on 2017/09/12 18:13
upstream kernel panic: Attempted to kill init! (2) kernel syz 347 2311d 2304d 0/26 closed as invalid on 2017/12/28 09:40
upstream kernel panic: Attempted to kill init! (6) kernel 2 359d 370d 0/26 auto-obsoleted due to no activity on 2023/07/25 19:19
android-54 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init! C 1 1328d 1328d 0/2 auto-obsoleted due to no activity on 2023/04/14 11:56
upstream kernel panic: Attempted to kill init! (4) kernel C done 19 1495d 2110d 0/26 closed as invalid on 2020/03/18 10:26
upstream kernel panic: Attempted to kill init! (3) kernel C 9 2190d 2303d 0/26 closed as invalid on 2018/06/14 08:46
android-414 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init! C 3 1726d 1836d 0/1 public: reported C repro on 2019/04/10 16:04
android-44 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init! C 8 1971d 1834d 0/2 public: reported C repro on 2019/04/13 00:00
android-49 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init! (3) C 22 1726d 1834d 0/3 public: reported C repro on 2019/04/13 00:00

Sample crash report:
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000003
CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: init Not tainted 5.10.209-syzkaller-00002-g4e1bc8d8e8ae #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 03/27/2024
Call Trace:
 __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:77 [inline]
 dump_stack_lvl+0x1e2/0x24b lib/dump_stack.c:118
 dump_stack+0x15/0x17 lib/dump_stack.c:135
 panic+0x2cf/0x80b kernel/panic.c:308
 do_exit+0x23b4/0x2a50 kernel/exit.c:830
 do_group_exit+0x141/0x310 kernel/exit.c:983
 get_signal+0x10a0/0x1410 kernel/signal.c:2782
 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0xbd/0x17c0 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:805
 handle_signal_work kernel/entry/common.c:145 [inline]
 exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x9b/0xd0 kernel/entry/common.c:169
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare kernel/entry/common.c:199 [inline]
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0xc5/0x1d0 kernel/entry/common.c:274
 do_syscall_64+0x40/0x70 arch/x86/entry/common.c:56
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x61/0xc6
RIP: 0033:0x7f9705a66a68
Code: 00 48 8d b8 e0 02 00 00 48 89 b8 d8 02 00 00 48 89 b8 e0 02 00 00 b8 11 01 00 00 0f 05 44 89 c0 c3 90 5f b8 3a 00 00 00 0f 05 <57> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d 90 43 0f 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48
RSP: 002b:00007ffcf04bc970 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000003a
RAX: 00000000000001ab RBX: 00005619cdd96a50 RCX: 00007f9705a66a68
RDX: 0000000000000008 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 00007f9705bf1bed
RBP: 00007f9705c2c528 R08: 0000000000000007 R09: f3c920b5090244fb
R10: 00007ffcf04bc9b0 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 0000000000000018 R14: 00005619cc036169 R15: 00007f9705c5da80
Kernel Offset: disabled
Rebooting in 86400 seconds..

Crashes (630):
Time Kernel Commit Syzkaller Config Log Report Syz repro C repro VM info Assets (help?) Manager Title
2024/04/14 12:47 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/14 09:53 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config strace log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/12 08:07 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 27de0a5c .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/06 09:12 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 ca620dd8 .config strace log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/06 05:37 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 ca620dd8 .config strace log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/03 03:48 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 7925100d .config strace log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/02 10:31 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 6baf5069 .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/03/31 09:58 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 6baf5069 .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/03/31 09:26 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 6baf5069 .config strace log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/03/27 06:57 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 454571b6 .config strace log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/03/27 05:50 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 454571b6 .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/03/26 20:41 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 454571b6 .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/03/23 02:14 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 4b6cdce6 .config strace log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/03/23 01:13 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 4b6cdce6 .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/03/16 08:33 android13-5.10-lts dd976ecce2ce d615901c .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/03/16 08:31 android13-5.10-lts dd976ecce2ce d615901c .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/03/16 06:48 android13-5.10-lts dd976ecce2ce d615901c .config strace log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/02/24 07:04 android13-5.10-lts dd976ecce2ce 8d446f15 .config strace log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/02/21 10:22 android13-5.10-lts dd976ecce2ce 3af7dd65 .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/02/17 16:42 android13-5.10-lts dd976ecce2ce 578f7538 .config strace log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/02/14 14:43 android13-5.10-lts fc10db4b1932 d902085f .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/01/30 17:53 android13-5.10-lts 1a7db4583e18 7f400fcb .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/01/15 03:52 android13-5.10-lts 721689706261 551587c1 .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/01/11 00:45 android13-5.10-lts 721689706261 04815ef1 .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2023/12/29 06:47 android13-5.10-lts f7977422e132 fb427a07 .config strace log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2023/12/28 00:07 android13-5.10-lts f7977422e132 fb427a07 .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2023/12/27 02:22 android13-5.10-lts f7977422e132 fb427a07 .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2023/12/19 23:24 android13-5.10-lts f722f6ad16cf 3ad490ea .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2023/12/18 15:11 android13-5.10-lts f722f6ad16cf 3222d10c .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2023/12/18 09:50 android13-5.10-lts f722f6ad16cf 3222d10c .config strace log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2023/12/16 15:44 android13-5.10-lts f722f6ad16cf 3222d10c .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] [mounted in repro] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2023/12/16 06:34 android13-5.10-lts f722f6ad16cf 3222d10c .config strace log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2023/12/10 01:48 android13-5.10-lts 389683767761 28b24332 .config strace log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2023/12/09 22:30 android13-5.10-lts 389683767761 28b24332 .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2023/12/05 09:13 android13-5.10-lts 02a4d4a11d37 f819d6f7 .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2023/11/12 12:15 android13-5.10-lts d30b996835c0 6d6dbf8a .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2023/05/05 08:20 android13-5.10-lts 3ad342cf5b2c 518a39a6 .config console log report syz C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/14 13:26 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report syz [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/04 08:23 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 51c4dcff .config console log report syz [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/01 13:20 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 6baf5069 .config console log report syz [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/03/07 03:37 android13-5.10-lts dd976ecce2ce f39a7eed .config console log report syz [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2023/12/24 19:55 android13-5.10-lts f7977422e132 fb427a07 .config console log report syz [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] [mounted in repro] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/17 09:32 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 18f6e127 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/16 01:36 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae b9af7e61 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/15 12:25 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/15 08:37 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/15 06:40 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/15 03:36 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/15 00:35 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/14 23:32 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/14 21:35 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/14 19:08 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/14 17:52 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/14 03:05 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/14 01:48 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/13 23:27 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/13 20:32 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/13 13:58 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/13 09:45 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/13 08:20 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/13 07:01 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/13 04:36 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/12 19:57 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae c8349e48 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/12 13:46 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 27de0a5c .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/12 06:34 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 27de0a5c .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/12 01:39 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 95ed9ece .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/11 22:28 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 95ed9ece .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/11 11:49 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 33b9e058 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/11 10:44 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 33b9e058 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/11 09:24 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 33b9e058 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/11 07:17 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 33b9e058 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/11 04:19 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 33b9e058 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/10 20:45 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 4320ec32 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/10 17:15 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 4320ec32 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/10 13:03 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 4320ec32 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/10 10:44 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 171ec371 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/10 08:20 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 171ec371 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/10 04:08 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 171ec371 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/10 02:34 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 171ec371 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/09 21:58 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae 171ec371 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/09 15:26 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae f3234354 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/09 14:22 android13-5.10-lts 4e1bc8d8e8ae f3234354 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/08 11:56 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 ca620dd8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/08 09:44 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 ca620dd8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/08 07:20 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 ca620dd8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/08 01:16 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 ca620dd8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/07 19:52 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 ca620dd8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/07 18:46 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 ca620dd8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/07 17:42 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 ca620dd8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10 kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/07 13:28 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 ca620dd8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
2024/04/07 10:21 android13-5.10-lts e7daca75b4c3 ca620dd8 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-android-5-10-perf kernel panic: Attempted to kill init!
* Struck through repros no longer work on HEAD.