panic: unhandled af NUM

Status: upstream: reported on 2026/07/26 10:16
Reported-by: syzbot+1f46c1a925c420e40420@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
First crash: 3d01h, last: 3d01h

Sample crash report:
panic: unWhARanNdIlNGe:d  SaPfL  48N
OT StLOoppWeEd RaEDt ON SYSCALL 91 20 EXIT 0 a
      db_enter+0x25:  addq    $0x8,%rsp
    TID    PID    UID     PRFLAGS     PFLAGS  CPU  COMMAND
 154838  92978  32767  0x10000010          0    1  syz-executor
*410786  47186      0     0x14000      0x200    0  softnet0
db_enter() at db_enter+0x25 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/db_interface.c:438
panic(ffffffff834e1ac7) at panic+0x1e5 sys/kern/subr_prf.c:198
unhandled_af(30) at unhandled_af+0x1a sys/net/if.c:-1
if_output_tso(ffff80000004e858,ffff80002a1cfdd0,ffff800000c43f10,fffff9006fb23dc0,5dc) at if_output_tso+0x22b
ip_output(fffff9006f6e3300,0,fffff9006fcce448,800,0,fffff9006fcce4e0,85732a7a7f1d018f) at ip_output+0x107b sys/netinet/ip_output.c:437
tcp_output(ffff8000015b85c0) at tcp_output+0x36e3 sys/netinet/tcp_output.c:1070
tcp_input_solocked(ffff80002a1d0220,ffff80002a1d022c,0,2,ffff80002a1d0218) at tcp_input_solocked+0x5a40 sys/netinet/tcp_input.c:2041
tcp_input_mlist(ffffffff83a9cf90,2) at tcp_input_mlist+0x93 sys/netinet/tcp_input.c:-1
if_input_process(ffff80000004e858,ffff80002a1d0308,0) at if_input_process+0x526 sys/net/if.c:1086
ifiq_process(ffff80000004ed08) at ifiq_process+0xcd sys/net/ifq.c:864
taskq_thread(ffff80000002c000) at taskq_thread+0x157 sys/kern/kern_task.c:446
end trace frame: 0x0, count: 4
https://www.openbsd.org/ddb.html describes the minimum info required in bug
reports.  Insufficient info makes it difficult to find and fix bugs.
ddb{0}> 
ddb{0}> set $lines = 0
ddb{0}> set $maxwidth = 0
ddb{0}> show panic
*cpu0: unhandled af 48
ddb{0}> show kasan
No such command
ddb{0}> trace
db_enter() at db_enter+0x25 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/db_interface.c:438
panic(ffffffff834e1ac7) at panic+0x1e5 sys/kern/subr_prf.c:198
unhandled_af(30) at unhandled_af+0x1a sys/net/if.c:-1
if_output_tso(ffff80000004e858,ffff80002a1cfdd0,ffff800000c43f10,fffff9006fb23dc0,5dc) at if_output_tso+0x22b
ip_output(fffff9006f6e3300,0,fffff9006fcce448,800,0,fffff9006fcce4e0,85732a7a7f1d018f) at ip_output+0x107b sys/netinet/ip_output.c:437
tcp_output(ffff8000015b85c0) at tcp_output+0x36e3 sys/netinet/tcp_output.c:1070
tcp_input_solocked(ffff80002a1d0220,ffff80002a1d022c,0,2,ffff80002a1d0218) at tcp_input_solocked+0x5a40 sys/netinet/tcp_input.c:2041
tcp_input_mlist(ffffffff83a9cf90,2) at tcp_input_mlist+0x93 sys/netinet/tcp_input.c:-1
if_input_process(ffff80000004e858,ffff80002a1d0308,0) at if_input_process+0x526 sys/net/if.c:1086
ifiq_process(ffff80000004ed08) at ifiq_process+0xcd sys/net/ifq.c:864
taskq_thread(ffff80000002c000) at taskq_thread+0x157 sys/kern/kern_task.c:446
end trace frame: 0x0, count: -11
ddb{0}> show registers
rdi                                0
rsi                              0x1
rbp               0xffff80002a1cfbb0
rbx               0xffffffff8390de07    cpu_info_full_primary+0x2e07
rdx                                0
rcx               0xffff800045ffea60
rax               0xffffffff8390cff0    cpu_info_full_primary+0x1ff0
r8                 0x101010101010101
r9                0x8080808080808080
r10               0x92eadd0b16641513
r11               0xf5c63940cbd910db
r12               0xffffffff8390dc08    cpu_info_full_primary+0x2c08
r13                                0
r14                                0
r15                              0x1
rip               0xffffffff81b118a5    db_enter+0x25
cs                               0x8
rflags                         0x246
rsp               0xffff80002a1cfba0
ss                                 0
db_enter+0x25:  addq    $0x8,%rsp
ddb{0}> show proc
PROC (softnet0) tid=410786 pid=47186 tcnt=1 stat=onproc
    flags process=14000<NOZOMBIE,SYSTEM> proc=200<SYSTEM>
    runpri=32, usrpri=50, slppri=32, nice=20
    wchan=0x0, wmesg=, ps_single=0x0 scnt=0 ecnt=0
    forw=0xffffffffffffffff, list=0xffff800045ffe000,0xffff800045ffed08
    process=0xffff800045ff9810 user=0xffff80002a1cb000, vmspace=0xffffffff83a219b8
    estcpu=0, cpticks=1, pctcpu=0.0, user=0, sys=0, intr=0
ddb{0}> ps
   PID     TID   PPID   UID  S      PRLAGS     PFLAGS WAIT      COMMAND
 81269  272874  10974 32767  2        0x10          0           syz-executor
 81269  105201  10974 32767  3        0x10  0x4000080 fsleep    syz-executor
 13101  497676   7214 32767  2        0x10          0           syz-executor
 13101   48403   7214 32767  3        0x10  0x4000080 fsleep    syz-executor
 13101   35798   7214 32767  2        0x10  0x4000000           syz-executor
 81680  397870   4220 32767  2        0x10          0           syz-executor
 81680  263319   4220 32767  3        0x10  0x4000080 fsleep    syz-executor
 34378  315180  43596 32767  2        0x10          0           syz-executor
 34378  178108  43596 32767  3        0x10  0x4000080 ttyin     syz-executor
 34378  130792  43596 32767  3        0x10  0x4000080 fsleep    syz-executor
 10064  461010  27460 32767  2        0x10          0           syz-executor
  4220     724  62133 32767  2        0x10      0xc80           syz-executor
 27460  103755  47551 32767  2        0x10      0xc80           syz-executor
 10974  268113  44556 32767  2        0x10      0xc80           syz-executor
  7214  190150  71575 32767  3        0x10       0x80 nanoslp   syz-executor
 43596  442683  29806 32767  2        0x10      0xc80           syz-executor
 92978  154838  34476 32767  7  0x10000010          0           syz-executor
 62133  372199  76209     0  3         0x2       0x80 wait      syz-executor
 44556   37454  76209     0  3         0x2       0x80 wait      syz-executor
 34476  426527  76209     0  3         0x2       0x80 wait      syz-executor
 71575  197834  76209     0  3         0x2       0x80 wait      syz-executor
 29806  454244  76209     0  3         0x2       0x80 wait      syz-executor
 47551   71026  76209     0  3         0x2       0x80 wait      syz-executor
 76209  134184  55841     0  3         0x2       0x80 nanoslp   syz-executor
 55841  304240  79446     0  3    0x100002       0x88 sigsusp   ksh
 79446  414217  61909     0  3        0x10       0x88 kqread    sshd-session
 61909  326189  38942     0  3        0x12       0x80 kqread    sshd-session
 68648  219709      1     0  3    0x100003       0x80 ttyin     getty
 38942  308953      1     0  3           0       0x88 kqread    sshd
  8774  126016  38219    73  3   0x1100010       0x80 kqread    syslogd
 38219  210982      1     0  3    0x100002       0x80 sbwait    syslogd
 92326  134085      1     0  3    0x100000       0x80 kqread    resolvd
 45559  231725  64167    77  3    0x100012       0x80 kqread    dhcpleased
 29460  439398  64167    77  3    0x100012       0x80 kqread    dhcpleased
 64167  227186      1     0  3           0       0x80 kqread    dhcpleased
 26421   14000      0     0  3     0x14000      0x200 bored     smr
 19626   50601      0     0  2     0x14000      0x200           zerothread
 27641  192552      0     0  3     0x14000      0x200 aiodoned  aiodoned
 29238  355587      0     0  3     0x14000      0x200 syncer    update
 70932  245874      0     0  3     0x14000      0x200 cleaner   cleaner
 44880  223213      0     0  2     0x14000      0x200           reaper
 71514  411408      0     0  3     0x14000      0x200 pgdaemon  pagedaemon
  7198  319532      0     0  3     0x14000      0x200 bored     viomb
 90222  445458      0     0  3     0x14000 0x40000200 acpi0     acpi0
 93416  385554      0     0  3     0x14000 0x40000200           idle1
 98005  337669      0     0  3     0x14000      0x200 bored     softnet1
*47186  410786      0     0  7     0x14000      0x200           softnet0
 15106  234606      0     0  3     0x14000      0x200 smrbar    systqmp
 83859  103009      0     0  3     0x14000      0x200 bored     systq
 43915  350765      0     0  3     0x14000      0x200 tmoslp    softclockmp
  9535  506303      0     0  3     0x14000 0x40000200 tmoslp    softclock
 42883  312580      0     0  3     0x14000 0x40000200           idle0
     1  173656      0     0  3         0x2       0x80 wait      init
     0       0     -1     0  3     0x10000      0x200 scheduler swapper
ddb{0}> show all locks
CPU 1:
exclusive mutex &pmap->pm_mtx r = 0 (0xfffff9006db0fe10)
#0  witness_lock+0x5f1 stacktrace_save sys/sys/stacktrace.h:37 [inline]
#0  witness_lock+0x5f1 sys/kern/subr_witness.c:1160
#1  mtx_enter+0x4b4 sys/kern/kern_lock.c:487
#2  pmap_do_remove+0xa9 rcr3 sys/arch/amd64/compile/SYZKALLER/obj/machine/cpufunc.h:139 [inline]
#2  pmap_do_remove+0xa9 pmap_map_ptes sys/arch/amd64/amd64/pmap.c:441 [inline]
#2  pmap_do_remove+0xa9 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/pmap.c:1834
#3  uvm_unmap_kill_entry_withlock+0x269 sys/uvm/uvm_map.c:1869
#4  uvm_map_teardown+0x117 uvm_map_addr_RBT_LEFT sys/uvm/uvm_map.h:-1 [inline]
#4  uvm_map_teardown+0x117 sys/uvm/uvm_map.c:2497
#5  exit1+0x71b sys/kern/kern_exit.c:260
#6  sys_exit+0x1a sys/kern/kern_exit.c:-1
#7  syscall+0xb17 mi_syscall sys/sys/syscall_mi.h:176 [inline]
#7  syscall+0xb17 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/trap.c:783
#8  Xsyscall+0x128
Process 47186 (softnet0) thread 0xffff800045ffea60 (410786)
exclusive rwlock inet46 r = 0 (0xffff8000015a31d0)
#0  witness_lock+0x5f1 stacktrace_save sys/sys/stacktrace.h:37 [inline]
#0  witness_lock+0x5f1 sys/kern/subr_witness.c:1160
#1  rw_do_enter_write+0x419 sys/kern/kern_rwlock.c:320
#2  in_pcbsolock+0xdb sys/netinet/in_pcb.c:631
#3  tcp_input_solocked+0xa9a sys/netinet/tcp_input.c:-1
#4  tcp_input_mlist+0x93 sys/netinet/tcp_input.c:-1
#5  if_input_process+0x526 sys/net/if.c:1086
#6  ifiq_process+0xcd sys/net/ifq.c:864
#7  taskq_thread+0x157 sys/kern/kern_task.c:446
#8  proc_trampoline+0x10
shared rwlock netlock r = 0 (0xffffffff83969490)
#0  witness_lock+0x5f1 stacktrace_save sys/sys/stacktrace.h:37 [inline]
#0  witness_lock+0x5f1 sys/kern/subr_witness.c:1160
#1  rw_do_enter_read+0x3e8 sys/kern/kern_rwlock.c:413
#2  if_input_process+0x1c9 sys/net/if.c:1061
#3  ifiq_process+0xcd sys/net/ifq.c:864
#4  taskq_thread+0x157 sys/kern/kern_task.c:446
#5  proc_trampoline+0x10
shared rwlock softnet0 r = 0 (0xffff80000002c078)
#0  witness_lock+0x5f1 stacktrace_save sys/sys/stacktrace.h:37 [inline]
#0  witness_lock+0x5f1 sys/kern/subr_witness.c:1160
#1  taskq_thread+0x12a sys/kern/kern_task.c:442
#2  proc_trampoline+0x10
Process 15106 (systqmp) thread 0xffff800045ffe000 (234606)
shared rwlock systqmp r = 0 (0xffffffff838e4108)
#0  witness_lock+0x5f1 stacktrace_save sys/sys/stacktrace.h:37 [inline]
#0  witness_lock+0x5f1 sys/kern/subr_witness.c:1160
#1  taskq_thread+0x12a sys/kern/kern_task.c:442
#2  proc_trampoline+0x10
ddb{0}> show malloc
           Type InUse  MemUse  HighUse   Limit  Requests Type Lim
         devbuf 11069  12017K   12034K 166960K     12167        0
            pcb    17     12K      12K 166960K        17        0
         rtable   195      5K       7K 166960K       355        0
             pf    27     16K      16K 166960K        31        0
         ifaddr    34      6K       7K 166960K        44        0
        ifgroup    42      1K       2K 166960K        50        0
         sysctl     4      1K       9K 166960K         8        0
       counters    66     36K      37K 166960K        70        0
       ioctlops     0      0K       4K 166960K        39        0
            iov     0      0K       8K 166960K        76        0
          mount     1      1K       1K 166960K         1        0
            log     0      0K       0K 166960K         4        0
         vnodes  1287     81K      81K 166960K      1640        0
      UFS quota     1     32K      32K 166960K         1        0
      UFS mount     5     36K      36K 166960K         5        0
            shm     2      1K       5K 166960K         7        0
         VM map     2      1K       1K 166960K         2        0
            sem    12      0K       1K 166960K        29        0
        dirhash    12      2K       2K 166960K        15        0
           ACPI  1734    201K     291K 166960K     11964        0
      file desc    19     69K     121K 166960K       415        0
          sigio     0      0K       0K 166960K         4        0
           proc    58     99K     147K 166960K       518        0
        subproc    54      3K       4K 166960K       216        0
    NFS srvsock     1      0K       0K 166960K         1        0
     NFS daemon     1     16K      16K 166960K         1        0
    ip_moptions     0      0K       0K 166960K        37        0
       in_multi    77      5K       7K 166960K       105        0
    ether_multi     1      0K       0K 166960K         2        0
            mrt     1      0K       0K 166960K        17        0
    ISOFS mount     1     32K      32K 166960K         1        0
  MSDOSFS mount     1     16K      16K 166960K         1        0
           ttys   211    943K     943K 166960K       211        0
           exec     0      0K       1K 166960K       385        0
   fusefs mount     1     32K      32K 166960K         1        0
            tdb     3      0K       0K 166960K         3        0
        VM swap     8     62K      64K 166960K        10        0
       UVM amap   213    150K     185K 166960K      5068        0
       UVM aobj    18      2K       4K 166960K        20        0
     pinsyscall    40     80K     109K 166960K      1495        0
        memdesc     1      4K       4K 166960K         1        0
    crypto data     1      1K       1K 166960K         1        0
    ip6_options     0      0K       0K 166960K        13        0
            NDP     9      0K       2K 166960K        27        0
           temp    29   9118K    9134K 166960K      4443        0
         kqueue    13     20K      28K 166960K        66        0
      SYN cache     2     16K      16K 166960K         2        0
ddb{0}> show all pools
Name      Size Requests Fail Releases Pgreq Pgrel Npage Hiwat Minpg Maxpg Idle
plcache    128       28    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
rtpcb      120       49    0       46     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
rtentry    176      112    0       23     6     0     6     6     0     8    0
unpcb      144      161    0      142     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
syncache   336        6    0        6     1     0     1     1     0     8    1
tcpcb      736      162    0      157     7     0     7     7     0     8    6
arp        136       18    0        4     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
ipq         40        3    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
ipqe        40        3    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
inpcb      328      385    0      376     7     0     7     7     0     8    6
ip6q        72        2    0        1     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
ip6af       40        2    0        2     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
nd6        152       25    0        6     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
kcovpl      48       24    0       18     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
art_heap8  4096       1    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
art_heap4  256      468    0       44    30     1    29    30     0     8    0
art_table   40      469    0       44     5     0     5     5     0     8    0
art_node    32      112    0       22     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
sysvmsgpl   40        3    0        3     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
semapl      72       24    0       14     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
shmpl      112       17    0        2     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
dirhash    1024      19    0        2     3     0     3     3     0     8    0
dino2pl    256     2002    0      522    93     0    93    93     0     8    0
ffsino     296     2002    0      522   114     0   114   114     0     8    0
nchpl      144     2611    0      905    64     0    64    64     0     8    0
vnodes     216     2227    0        0   124     0   124   124     0     8    0
namei      1024    8609    0     8609     2     0     2     2     0     8    2
percpumem   16       51    0        2     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
kstatmem   264       25    0        4     2     0     2     2     0     8    0
scxspl     216     8091    0     8091    10     2     8     8     1     8    8
plimitpl   152       99    0       78     3     1     2     2     0     8    1
sigapl     424      674    0      625     7     0     7     7     0     8    1
knotepl    120      302    0        0    10     0    10    10     0     8    0
kqueuepl   224       87    0       78     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
pipepl     344      211    0      183     4     0     4     4     0     8    1
fdescpl    528      658    0      627     3     0     3     3     0     8    0
filepl     160     3681    0     3495    15     1    14    15     0     8    5
lockfpl    104      321    0      319     4     3     1     4     0     8    0
lockfspl    48       25    0       23     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
sessionpl  144       53    0       39     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
pgrppl      48      111    0       90     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
ucredpl    104      875    0      858     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
zombiepl   144      627    0      625     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
processpl  1232     674    0      625     5     0     5     5     0     8    1
procpl     664     1027    0      972     7     1     6     7     0     8    1
sosppl     176        3    0        3     1     0     1     1     0     8    1
sockpl     752      596    0      565    11     1    10    10     0     8    6
mcl64k     65536      2    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
mcl8k      8192       2    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
mcl4k      4096     132    0        0    17     0    17    17     0     8    0
mcl2k      2048      17    0        0     3     0     3     3     0     8    0
mextrefs    64       19    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
mtagpl      96        3    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
mbufpl     256     1195    0        0    75     0    75    75     0     8    0
bufpl      272     2558    0      102   164     0   164   164     0     8    0
anonpl      32     9273    0        0    75     0    75    75     0   247    0
amapchunkpl 152   15355    0    14912    29     2    27    29     0   158    8
amappl16   200     1786    0     1768    19     8    11    14     0     8    8
amappl15   192        4    0        4     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
amappl14   184      405    0      404     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl13   176      111    0      101     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl12   168      899    0      869     2     0     2     2     0     8    0
amappl11   160        3    0        3     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
amappl10   152       59    0       49     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl9    144      268    0      268     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
amappl8    136       95    0       94     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl7    128      136    0      124     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl6    120      150    0      147     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl5    112       94    0       86     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl4    104      261    0      245     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl3     96     2886    0     2779     5     1     4     4     0     8    0
amappl2     88      517    0      466     2     0     2     2     0     8    0
amappl1     80    11404    0    10860    15     2    13    15     0     8    0
amappl      88     4327    0     4177     5     0     5     5     0    92    0
uvmvnodes   80      106    0        0     3     0     3     3     0     8    0
dma4096    4096       1    0        1     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
dma1024    1024       1    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
dma256     256        6    0        6     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
dma128     128      253    0      253     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
dma64       64        6    0        6     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
dma32       32        7    0        7     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
dma16       16       18    0       17     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
aobjpl      72       19    0        2     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
uaddrrnd    24      658    0      627     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
uaddrbest   32        2    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
uaddr       24      658    0      627     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
vmmpekpl   168     7589    0     7542     3     0     3     3     0     8    0
vmmpepl    168    50349    0    48574   100     1    99   100     0   357   14
vmsppl     488      657    0      626     7     2     5     6     0     8    0
rwobjpl     80    16814    0    15916    25     0    25    25     0     8    1
pdppl      4096    1323    0     1252   117    40    77    95     0     8    6
pvpl        32    14864    0        0   120     0   120   120     0   265    0
pmappl     256      657    0      626     4     1     3     3     0     8    0
extentpl    40       46    0       28     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
phpool     112      522    0       44    14     0    14    14     0     8    0
ddb{0}> machine ddbcpu 0
Invalid cpu 0
ddb{0}> trace
db_enter() at db_enter+0x25 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/db_interface.c:438
panic(ffffffff834e1ac7) at panic+0x1e5 sys/kern/subr_prf.c:198
unhandled_af(30) at unhandled_af+0x1a sys/net/if.c:-1
if_output_tso(ffff80000004e858,ffff80002a1cfdd0,ffff800000c43f10,fffff9006fb23dc0,5dc) at if_output_tso+0x22b
ip_output(fffff9006f6e3300,0,fffff9006fcce448,800,0,fffff9006fcce4e0,85732a7a7f1d018f) at ip_output+0x107b sys/netinet/ip_output.c:437
tcp_output(ffff8000015b85c0) at tcp_output+0x36e3 sys/netinet/tcp_output.c:1070
tcp_input_solocked(ffff80002a1d0220,ffff80002a1d022c,0,2,ffff80002a1d0218) at tcp_input_solocked+0x5a40 sys/netinet/tcp_input.c:2041
tcp_input_mlist(ffffffff83a9cf90,2) at tcp_input_mlist+0x93 sys/netinet/tcp_input.c:-1
if_input_process(ffff80000004e858,ffff80002a1d0308,0) at if_input_process+0x526 sys/net/if.c:1086
ifiq_process(ffff80000004ed08) at ifiq_process+0xcd sys/net/ifq.c:864
taskq_thread(ffff80000002c000) at taskq_thread+0x157 sys/kern/kern_task.c:446
end trace frame: 0x0, count: -11
ddb{0}> machine ddbcpu 1

Crashes (1):
Time Kernel Commit Syzkaller Config Log Report Syz repro C repro VM info Assets (help?) Manager Title
2026/07/26 10:15 openbsd dd404cb12ba6 492bab15 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-setuid panic: unhandled af NUM
* Struck through repros no longer work on HEAD.