syzbot


panic: pledge_namei: ni_pledge (2)

Status: upstream: reported on 2025/02/05 21:27
Reported-by: syzbot+a8229b7ddd62e3a50eea@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
First crash: 309d, last: 29d
Similar bugs (1)
Kernel Title Rank 🛈 Repro Cause bisect Fix bisect Count Last Reported Patched Status
openbsd panic: pledge_namei: ni_pledge 2 2 413d 455d 0/3 auto-obsoleted due to no activity on 2025/01/23 04:51

Sample crash report:
login: panic: pledge_namei: ni_pledge
Stopped at      db_enter+0x25:  addq    $0x8,%rsp
    TID    PID    UID     PRFLAGS     PFLAGS  CPU  COMMAND
*  5991  49411      0    0x502000  0x4080000    0K syz-executor
db_enter() at db_enter+0x25 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/db_interface.c:438
panic(ffffffff8340acaf) at panic+0x1e5 sys/kern/subr_prf.c:198
pledge_namei(ffff8000397f4a80,ffff80002a2d8838,ffff80002a36f400) at pledge_namei+0xb76
namei(ffff80002a2d8838) at namei+0x434 sys/kern/vfs_lookup.c:202
vn_open(ffff80002a2d8838,a,0) at vn_open+0x15a sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:140
sys_acct(ffff8000397f4a80,ffff80002a2d8a10,ffff80002a2d8960) at sys_acct+0xb9 sys/kern/kern_acct.c:121
syscall(ffff80002a2d8a10) at syscall+0xb17 mi_syscall sys/sys/syscall_mi.h:176 [inline]
syscall(ffff80002a2d8a10) at syscall+0xb17 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/trap.c:765
Xsyscall() at Xsyscall+0x128
end of kernel
end trace frame: 0x6ac35b4e8c0, count: 7
https://www.openbsd.org/ddb.html describes the minimum info required in bug
reports.  Insufficient info makes it difficult to find and fix bugs.
ddb{0}> 
ddb{0}> set $lines = 0
ddb{0}> set $maxwidth = 0
ddb{0}> show panic
*cpu0: pledge_namei: ni_pledge
ddb{0}> trace
db_enter() at db_enter+0x25 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/db_interface.c:438
panic(ffffffff8340acaf) at panic+0x1e5 sys/kern/subr_prf.c:198
pledge_namei(ffff8000397f4a80,ffff80002a2d8838,ffff80002a36f400) at pledge_namei+0xb76
namei(ffff80002a2d8838) at namei+0x434 sys/kern/vfs_lookup.c:202
vn_open(ffff80002a2d8838,a,0) at vn_open+0x15a sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:140
sys_acct(ffff8000397f4a80,ffff80002a2d8a10,ffff80002a2d8960) at sys_acct+0xb9 sys/kern/kern_acct.c:121
syscall(ffff80002a2d8a10) at syscall+0xb17 mi_syscall sys/sys/syscall_mi.h:176 [inline]
syscall(ffff80002a2d8a10) at syscall+0xb17 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/trap.c:765
Xsyscall() at Xsyscall+0x128
end of kernel
end trace frame: 0x6ac35b4e8c0, count: -8
ddb{0}> show registers
rdi                                0
rsi                              0x1
rbp               0xffff80002a2d8130
rbx               0xffffffff83847e07    cpu_info_full_primary+0x2e07
rdx                                0
rcx               0xffff8000397f4a80
rax               0xffffffff83846ff0    cpu_info_full_primary+0x1ff0
r8                 0x101010101010101
r9                0x8080808080808080
r10               0x4bbbe27939a479ae
r11               0x47abc6e5df5718df
r12               0xffffffff83847c08    cpu_info_full_primary+0x2c08
r13                                0
r14                                0
r15                              0x1
rip               0xffffffff82164b95    db_enter+0x25
cs                               0x8
rflags                         0x246
rsp               0xffff80002a2d8120
ss                              0x10
db_enter+0x25:  addq    $0x8,%rsp
ddb{0}> show proc
PROC (syz-executor) tid=5991 pid=49411 tcnt=3 stat=onproc
    flags process=502000<SINGLEUNWIND,PLEDGE,EXECPLEDGE> proc=4080000<SUSPSINGLE,THREAD>
    runpri=86, usrpri=86, slppri=17, nice=20
    wchan=0x0, wmesg=, ps_single=0xffff80003c433790 scnt=2 ecnt=0
    forw=0xffffffffffffffff, list=0xffff8000397f5a10,0xffffffff8395fb80
    process=0xffff80003c4289c0 user=0xffff80002a2d3000, vmspace=0xfffffd806c119208
    estcpu=36, cpticks=0, pctcpu=0.0, user=0, sys=0, intr=0
ddb{0}> ps
   PID     TID   PPID    UID  S       FLAGS  WAIT          COMMAND
 49411  294104  27114      0  2    0x582000                syz-executor
 49411  235133  27114      0  3   0x4502000  suspend       syz-executor
*49411    5991  27114      0  7   0x4582000                syz-executor
 66322  251363  15009      0  2           0                syz-executor
 66322  219732  15009      0  3   0x4000080  fsleep        syz-executor
 66322  376431  15009      0  3   0x4000080  kqsel         syz-executor
 13728  410064      1      0  3    0x100083  ttyin         getty
 16953   53761      0      0  3     0x14200  acct          acct
 46655  266991  92525      0  3        0x82  piperd        syz-executor
 15009   39370  92525      0  3        0x82  nanoslp       syz-executor
 85240  229431  92525      0  3        0x82  wait          syz-executor
 12774  130265  92525      0  3        0x82  piperd        syz-executor
 52747  445954  92525      0  3        0x82  piperd        syz-executor
 27114  141134  92525      0  3        0x82  nanoslp       syz-executor
 41844  304737  92525      0  3        0x82  piperd        syz-executor
 92525   43321  91066      0  3        0x82  wait          syz-executor
 91066  510581  64262      0  3    0x10008a  sigsusp       ksh
 64262  102824  49931      0  3        0x98  kqread        sshd-session
 49931  162446  93155      0  3        0x92  kqread        sshd-session
 93155  320327      1      0  3        0x88  kqread        sshd
 51296  149699  57396     74  3   0x1100092  bpf           pflogd
 57396  309335      1      0  3        0x80  sbwait        pflogd
 81351  358850  92088     73  3   0x1100090  kqread        syslogd
 92088    7450      1      0  3    0x100082  sbwait        syslogd
 81381  363849      1      0  3    0x100080  kqread        resolvd
 98901  477897      0      0  3     0x14200  bored         smr
 79737  387984      0      0  2     0x14200                zerothread
  6935  247944      0      0  3     0x14200  aiodoned      aiodoned
  5856  508458      0      0  3     0x14200  syncer        update
 18846  308950      0      0  3     0x14200  cleaner       cleaner
 11486  483426      0      0  3     0x14200  reaper        reaper
  8847  477967      0      0  3     0x14200  pgdaemon      pagedaemon
  8590  410698      0      0  3     0x14200  bored         viomb
  4383  371210      0      0  3  0x40014200  acpi0         acpi0
 75807  255824      0      0  7  0x40014200                idle1
 58121   85069      0      0  3     0x14200  bored         softnet1
 41580  504837      0      0  3     0x14200  bored         softnet0
 96015  261144      0      0  3     0x14200  bored         systqmp
 12139  435148      0      0  3     0x14200  bored         systq
 24636  400570      0      0  3     0x14200  tmoslp        softclockmp
 67913  450366      0      0  3  0x40014200  tmoslp        softclock
 67115  389418      0      0  3  0x40014200                idle0
     1  240784      0      0  3        0x82  wait          init
     0       0     -1      0  3  0x10010200  scheduler     swapper
ddb{0}> show all locks
Process 49411 (syz-executor) thread 0xffff8000397f4a80 (5991)
exclusive kernel_lock &kernel_lock r = 0 (0xffffffff83960e88)
#0  witness_lock+0x5f1 stacktrace_save sys/sys/stacktrace.h:37 [inline]
#0  witness_lock+0x5f1 sys/kern/subr_witness.c:1160
#1  __mp_acquire_count+0x58 sys/kern/kern_lock.c:-1
#2  pool_get+0x27e sys/kern/subr_pool.c:591
#3  namei+0xdf sys/kern/vfs_lookup.c:145
#4  vn_open+0x15a sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:140
#5  sys_acct+0xb9 sys/kern/kern_acct.c:121
#6  syscall+0xb17 mi_syscall sys/sys/syscall_mi.h:176 [inline]
#6  syscall+0xb17 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/trap.c:765
#7  Xsyscall+0x128
ddb{0}> show malloc
           Type InUse  MemUse  HighUse   Limit  Requests Type Lim
         devbuf 10194  11035K   11681K 166960K     12298        0
            pcb    17     16K      17K 166960K       313        0
         rtable   220     10K      10K 166960K       683        0
             pf    32     17K   67485K 166960K       141        0
         ifaddr    38      6K       7K 166960K       116        0
        ifgroup    51      2K       2K 166960K       179        0
         sysctl     4      1K       9K 166960K        15        0
       counters    66     36K      37K 166960K       506        0
       ioctlops     0      0K       4K 166960K      1803        0
            iov     0      0K      16K 166960K        78        0
          mount     1      1K       1K 166960K         1        0
            log     0      0K       0K 166960K         4        0
         vnodes  1491     94K      95K 166960K      2173        0
      UFS quota     1     32K      32K 166960K         1        0
      UFS mount     5     36K      36K 166960K         5        0
            shm     2      1K       9K 166960K        13        0
         VM map     2      1K       1K 166960K         2        0
            sem    20      5K       6K 166960K        80        0
        dirhash    12      2K       2K 166960K        24        0
           ACPI  1692    195K     286K 166960K     12470        0
      file desc    13     45K     106K 166960K      1025        0
          sigio     0      0K       0K 166960K        17        0
           proc    66     83K     164K 166960K       790        0
        subproc    72      4K       4K 166960K       135        0
    NFS srvsock     1      0K       0K 166960K         1        0
     NFS daemon     1     16K      16K 166960K         1        0
    ip_moptions     0      0K       0K 166960K       112        0
       in_multi    78      5K       7K 166960K       217        0
    ether_multi     1      0K       0K 166960K        13        0
            mrt     0      0K       0K 166960K        14        0
    ISOFS mount     1     32K      32K 166960K         1        0
  MSDOSFS mount     1     16K      16K 166960K         1        0
           ttys   103    466K     466K 166960K       103        0
           exec     0      0K       1K 166960K       621        0
   fusefs mount     1     32K      32K 166960K         1        0
     pfkey data     0      0K       0K 166960K         1        0
            tdb     3      0K       0K 166960K         3        0
        VM swap     8     62K      64K 166960K        10        0
       UVM amap   185    125K     175K 166960K     10969        0
       UVM aobj    11     18K      18K 166960K        11        0
     pinsyscall    32     64K     102K 166960K      2378        0
        memdesc     1      4K       4K 166960K         1        0
    crypto data     1      1K       1K 166960K         1        0
    ip6_options     0      0K       0K 166960K        61        0
            NDP    13      0K       2K 166960K        82        0
           temp    72   8662K    8730K 166960K     48247        0
         kqueue     8     14K      31K 166960K       179        0
      SYN cache     2     16K      16K 166960K         2        0
ddb{0}> show all pools
Name      Size Requests Fail Releases Pgreq Pgrel Npage Hiwat Minpg Maxpg Idle
plcache    128       26    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
rtpcb      120      119    0      118     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
rtentry    176      210    0      121     6     0     6     6     0     8    0
unpcb      144      776    0      766     7     6     1     6     0     8    0
syncache   336        6    0        6     3     3     0     1     0     8    0
tcpqe       32        3    0        3     2     2     0     1     0     8    0
tcpcb      736      323    0      316     8     6     2     4     0     8    1
arp        136       35    0       17     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
inpcb      328     1091    0     1082    14     7     7     7     0     8    5
nd6        152       46    0       27     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
pkpcb       40        6    0        6     2     1     1     1     0     8    1
kcovpl      48       15    0        7     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
ppxss      1192     202    0      202     4     3     1     2     0     8    1
pppxif     1504      71    0       71     3     3     0     2     0     8    0
pffrag     232       11    0        2     1     0     1     1     0   482    0
pffrnode    88       10    0        1     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
pffrent     40       17    0        7     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
pfosfp      40     1428    0     1005     5     0     5     5     0     8    0
pfosfpen   112     1428    0      714    21     0    21    21     0     8    0
pfrktable  1344       3    0        3     2     2     0     1     0     8    0
pfstitem    24       18    0       11     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
pfstkey    128       18    0       11     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
pfstate    448       18    0       11     2     0     2     2     0     8    0
pfrule     1344      22    0       16     2     1     1     2     0     8    0
rttmr      136        2    0        2     2     2     0     1     0     8    0
art_heap8  4096       4    0        0     4     0     4     4     0     8    0
art_heap4  256      936    0      566    32     6    26    29     0     8    2
art_table   40      940    0      566     5     0     5     5     0     8    0
art_node    32      209    0      130     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
sysvmsgpl   40      146    0      142     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
semupl     112        4    0        4     2     2     0     1     0     8    0
semapl     112       74    0       56     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
dirhash    1024      25    0        8     3     0     3     3     0     8    0
dino2pl    256     3213    0     1690    97     1    96    96     0     8    0
ffsino     296     3213    0     1690   119     1   118   118     0     8    0
nchpl      144     4556    0     2830    65     0    65    65     0     8    0
rtmask      32       11    0       11     4     3     1     1     0     8    1
vnodes     216     3733    0        0   208     0   208   208     0     8    0
namei      1024   15838    0    15837     6     5     1     3     0     8    0
percpumem   16      268    0      220     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
vcpupl     3968       8    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
vmpool     840        8    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
kstatmem   264      104    0       80     4     2     2     3     0     8    0
scsiplug    72        3    0        3     2     2     0     1     0     8    0
scxspl     216    34108    0    34108    11    10     1     8     1     8    1
plimitpl   152      235    0      219     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
sigapl     424     1366    0     1325     9     3     6     8     0     8    0
knotepl    120      802    0        0    24     0    24    24     0     8    0
kqueuepl   224      332    0      323     2     1     1     2     0     8    0
pipepl     344      279    0      252     9     6     3     9     0     8    0
fdescpl    528     1311    0     1287     3     0     3     3     0     8    0
filepl     160     7645    0     7382    21     8    13    19     0     8    1
lockfpl    104      608    0      606     3     2     1     2     0     8    0
lockfspl    48      279    0      277     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
sessionpl  144       32    0       24     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
pgrppl      48       69    0       53     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
ucredpl    104     1158    0     1148     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
zombiepl   144     1638    0     1636     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
processpl  1232    1366    0     1325     6     2     4     6     0     8    0
procpl     664     2766    0     2721     9     3     6     8     0     8    0
sosppl     176        4    0        3     3     2     1     1     0     8    0
sockpl     752     2018    0     1998    25    15    10    17     0     8    6
mcl64k     65536      5    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
mcl16k     16384      2    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
mcl9k      9216       1    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
mcl8k      8192       2    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
mcl4k      4096     128    0        0    16     0    16    16     0     8    0
mcl2k2     2112       1    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
mcl2k      2048      40    0        0     5     0     5     5     0     8    0
mtagpl      96        2    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
mbufpl     256      228    0        0    14     0    14    14     0     8    0
bufpl      280    14286    0     8149   439     0   439   439     0     8    0
anonpl      32    11988    0        0    97     0    97    97     0   246    0
amapchunkpl 152   35849    0    35487    39    10    29    29     0   158    8
amappl16   200     4524    0     4487    58    40    18    26     0     8    8
amappl15   192        7    0        7     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
amappl14   184        4    0        4     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
amappl13   176      555    0      553     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl12   168     1728    0     1696     3     1     2     3     0     8    0
amappl11   160        9    0        9     2     2     0     1     0     8    0
amappl10   152       47    0       39     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl9    144      251    0      251     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
amappl8    136       33    0       30     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl7    128      111    0      110     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl6    120      364    0      353     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl5    112       90    0       82     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl4    104      478    0      451     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
amappl3     96     6236    0     6172     4     1     3     3     0     8    0
amappl2     88     1420    0     1364     2     0     2     2     0     8    0
amappl1     80    13748    0    13269    15     1    14    15     0     8    0
amappl      88     9920    0     9793     5     0     5     5     0    92    0
uvmvnodes   80      142    0        0     3     0     3     3     0     8    0
dma16384   16384      1    0        1     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
dma4096    4096       1    0        1     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
dma1024    1024       1    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
dma256     256        6    0        6     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
dma128     128      253    0      253     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
dma64       64        6    0        6     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
dma32       32        7    0        7     1     1     0     1     0     8    0
dma16       16       18    0       17     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
aobjpl      72       10    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
uaddrrnd    24     1311    0     1287     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
uaddrbest   32        2    0        0     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
uaddr       24     1311    0     1287     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
vmmpekpl   168    12564    0    12514     3     0     3     3     0     8    0
vmmpepl    168    90175    0    88709   112    22    90   106     0   357    3
vmsppl     488     1310    0     1287     5     1     4     5     0     8    0
rwobjpl     80    26749    0    25846    32     3    29    31     0     8    0
pdppl      4096    2646    0     2582   118    42    76    84     0     8   12
pvpl        32    18745    0        0   152     0   152   152     0   265    0
pmappl     256     1318    0     1287     3     0     3     3     0     8    0
extentpl    40       45    0       27     1     0     1     1     0     8    0
phpool     112      318    0       66     8     0     8     8     0     8    0
ddb{0}> machine ddbcpu 0
Invalid cpu 0
ddb{0}> trace
db_enter() at db_enter+0x25 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/db_interface.c:438
panic(ffffffff8340acaf) at panic+0x1e5 sys/kern/subr_prf.c:198
pledge_namei(ffff8000397f4a80,ffff80002a2d8838,ffff80002a36f400) at pledge_namei+0xb76
namei(ffff80002a2d8838) at namei+0x434 sys/kern/vfs_lookup.c:202
vn_open(ffff80002a2d8838,a,0) at vn_open+0x15a sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:140
sys_acct(ffff8000397f4a80,ffff80002a2d8a10,ffff80002a2d8960) at sys_acct+0xb9 sys/kern/kern_acct.c:121
syscall(ffff80002a2d8a10) at syscall+0xb17 mi_syscall sys/sys/syscall_mi.h:176 [inline]
syscall(ffff80002a2d8a10) at syscall+0xb17 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/trap.c:765
Xsyscall() at Xsyscall+0x128
end of kernel
end trace frame: 0x6ac35b4e8c0, count: -8
ddb{0}> machine ddbcpu 1
Stopped at      x86_ipi_db+0x27:        addq    $0x8,%rsp
x86_ipi_db(ffff8000299edff0) at x86_ipi_db+0x27 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/db_interface.c:394
x86_ipi_handler() at x86_ipi_handler+0xd9 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/ipi.c:106
Xresume_lapic_ipi() at Xresume_lapic_ipi+0x27
acpicpu_idle() at acpicpu_idle+0x457 sys/dev/acpi/acpicpu_x86.c:1224
sched_idle(ffff8000299edff0) at sched_idle+0x391 sys/kern/kern_sched.c:191
end trace frame: 0x0, count: 10
ddb{1}> trace
x86_ipi_db(ffff8000299edff0) at x86_ipi_db+0x27 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/db_interface.c:394
x86_ipi_handler() at x86_ipi_handler+0xd9 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/ipi.c:106
Xresume_lapic_ipi() at Xresume_lapic_ipi+0x27
acpicpu_idle() at acpicpu_idle+0x457 sys/dev/acpi/acpicpu_x86.c:1224
sched_idle(ffff8000299edff0) at sched_idle+0x391 sys/kern/kern_sched.c:191
end trace frame: 0x0, count: -5

Crashes (11):
Time Kernel Commit Syzkaller Config Log Report Syz repro C repro VM info Assets (help?) Manager Title
2025/11/12 15:54 openbsd 30ee307006ea 07e030de .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore panic: pledge_namei: ni_pledge
2025/10/25 19:36 openbsd 61d6733dbbce c0460fcd .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore panic: pledge_namei: ni_pledge
2025/10/05 15:59 openbsd d710b6af2d68 770ff59f .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main panic: pledge_namei: ni_pledge
2025/09/30 22:00 openbsd ee9b9da28cb4 770ff59f .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main panic: pledge_namei: ni_pledge
2025/09/13 18:55 openbsd a03640071eda e2beed91 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore panic: pledge_namei: ni_pledge
2025/09/03 02:12 openbsd c6733e0d0e2e 96a211bc .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore panic: pledge_namei: ni_pledge
2025/08/23 01:02 openbsd e2756ba35432 bf27483f .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore panic: pledge_namei: ni_pledge
2025/08/02 18:58 openbsd abd775332ea5 3cda49cf .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main panic: pledge_namei: ni_pledge
2025/06/05 21:49 openbsd c875838447ad 6b6b5f21 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main panic: pledge_namei: ni_pledge
2025/04/08 13:39 openbsd f2dcb3709379 a775275d .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main panic: pledge_namei: ni_pledge
2025/02/05 21:26 openbsd 52d5bc939dc8 5896748e .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore panic: pledge_namei: ni_pledge
* Struck through repros no longer work on HEAD.