syzbot


assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c

Status: upstream: reported on 2025/02/08 12:26
Reported-by: syzbot+bee527c059e64ef8bdec@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
First crash: 439d, last: 5d22h

Sample crash report:
panic: kernel diagnostic assertion "refs != ~0" failed: file "/syzkaller/managers/multicore/kernel/sys/kern/kern_synch.c", line 955
Stopped at      db_enter+0x25:  addq    $0x8,%rsp
    TID    PID    UID     PRFLAGS     PFLAGS  CPU  COMMAND
 218506    975      0           0          0    1  syz-executor
db_enter() at db_enter+0x25 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/db_interface.c:438
panic(ffffffff83453db8) at panic+0x1e5 sys/kern/subr_prf.c:198
__assert(ffffffff8348f8a1,ffffffff8349d9c6,3bb,ffffffff834c5f82) at __assert+0x29 sys/kern/subr_prf.c:-1
refcnt_finalize(ffff8000327a7770,ffffffff83443422) at refcnt_finalize+0x1db sys/kern/kern_synch.c:956
pppx_if_destroy(285b9e,ffff8000327a7768) at pppx_if_destroy+0x3d sys/net/if_pppx.c:794
pppxclose(285b9e,41,2000,ffff8000393c8550) at pppxclose+0xa0 sys/net/if_pppx.c:541
spec_close(ffff80002a238ee0) at spec_close+0x417 sys/kern/spec_vnops.c:-1
VOP_CLOSE(fffffd806b870048,41,fffffd80097fd4e0,ffff8000393c8550) at VOP_CLOSE+0x132 sys/kern/vfs_vops.c:156
vn_closefile(fffffd806f386008,ffff8000393c8550) at vn_closefile+0x12b vn_close sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:298 [inline]
vn_closefile(fffffd806f386008,ffff8000393c8550) at vn_closefile+0x12b sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:621
fdrop(fffffd806f386008,ffff8000393c8550) at fdrop+0x121 sys/kern/kern_descrip.c:1281
closef(fffffd806f386008,ffff8000393c8550) at closef+0x192 sys/kern/kern_descrip.c:1265
fdfree(ffff8000393c8550) at fdfree+0x116 sys/kern/kern_descrip.c:1196
exit1(ffff8000393c8550,0,0,1) at exit1+0x576 sys/kern/kern_exit.c:215
sys_exit(ffff8000393c8550,ffff80002a239250,ffff80002a2391a0) at sys_exit+0x1a sys/kern/kern_exit.c:-1
end trace frame: 0xffff80002a239240, count: 0
https://www.openbsd.org/ddb.html describes the minimum info required in bug
reports.  Insufficient info makes it difficult to find and fix bugs.
ddb{0}> 
ddb{0}> set $lines = 0
ddb{0}> set $maxwidth = 0
ddb{0}> show panic
*cpu0: kernel diagnostic assertion "refs != ~0" failed: file "/syzkaller/managers/multicore/kernel/sys/kern/kern_synch.c", line 955
ddb{0}> trace
db_enter() at db_enter+0x25 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/db_interface.c:438
panic(ffffffff83453db8) at panic+0x1e5 sys/kern/subr_prf.c:198
__assert(ffffffff8348f8a1,ffffffff8349d9c6,3bb,ffffffff834c5f82) at __assert+0x29 sys/kern/subr_prf.c:-1
refcnt_finalize(ffff8000327a7770,ffffffff83443422) at refcnt_finalize+0x1db sys/kern/kern_synch.c:956
pppx_if_destroy(285b9e,ffff8000327a7768) at pppx_if_destroy+0x3d sys/net/if_pppx.c:794
pppxclose(285b9e,41,2000,ffff8000393c8550) at pppxclose+0xa0 sys/net/if_pppx.c:541
spec_close(ffff80002a238ee0) at spec_close+0x417 sys/kern/spec_vnops.c:-1
VOP_CLOSE(fffffd806b870048,41,fffffd80097fd4e0,ffff8000393c8550) at VOP_CLOSE+0x132 sys/kern/vfs_vops.c:156
vn_closefile(fffffd806f386008,ffff8000393c8550) at vn_closefile+0x12b vn_close sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:298 [inline]
vn_closefile(fffffd806f386008,ffff8000393c8550) at vn_closefile+0x12b sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c:621
fdrop(fffffd806f386008,ffff8000393c8550) at fdrop+0x121 sys/kern/kern_descrip.c:1281
closef(fffffd806f386008,ffff8000393c8550) at closef+0x192 sys/kern/kern_descrip.c:1265
fdfree(ffff8000393c8550) at fdfree+0x116 sys/kern/kern_descrip.c:1196
exit1(ffff8000393c8550,0,0,1) at exit1+0x576 sys/kern/kern_exit.c:215
sys_exit(ffff8000393c8550,ffff80002a239250,ffff80002a2391a0) at sys_exit+0x1a sys/kern/kern_exit.c:-1
syscall(ffff80002a239250) at syscall+0xb17 mi_syscall sys/sys/syscall_mi.h:176 [inline]
syscall(ffff80002a239250) at syscall+0xb17 sys/arch/amd64/amd64/trap.c:783
Xsyscall() at Xsyscall+0x128
end of kernel
end trace frame: 0x6fdd1b346040, count: -16
ddb{0}> show registers
rdi                                0
rsi                              0x1
rbp               0xffff80002a238cb0
rbx               0xffffffff83916e07    cpu_info_full_primary+0x2e07
rdx                                0
rcx               0xffff8000393c8550
rax               0xffffffff83915ff0    cpu_info_full_primary+0x1ff0
r8                 0x101010101010101
r9                0x8080808080808080
r10               0x8059064317fcac6e
r11               0xd6a71daedae3f988
r12               0xffffffff83916c08    cpu_info_full_primary+0x2c08
r13                                0
r14                                0
r15                              0x1
rip               0xffffffff82e68e25    db_enter+0x25
cs                               0x8
rflags                         0x246
rsp               0xffff80002a238ca0
ss                                 0
db_enter+0x25:  addq    $0x8,%rsp
ddb{0}> show proc
PROC (syz-executor) tid=254783 pid=64054 tcnt=0 stat=onproc
    flags process=1008<EXITING,SINGLEEXIT> proc=2000<WEXIT>
    runpri=32, usrpri=86, slppri=32, nice=20
    wchan=0x0, wmesg=, ps_single=0xffff8000393c8550 scnt=-1 ecnt=1
    forw=0xffffffffffffffff, list=0xffff8000393c8020,0xffff8000393c8fc0
    process=0xffff80003c3e5830 user=0xffff80002a234000, vmspace=0xfffffd800b063988
    estcpu=36, cpticks=4, pctcpu=0.0, user=0, sys=1, intr=0
ddb{0}> 

Crashes (1153):
Time Kernel Commit Syzkaller Config Log Report Syz repro C repro VM info Assets (help?) Manager Title
2026/04/18 11:40 openbsd a9044055e1bf 1a086e7c .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/04/18 10:24 openbsd a9044055e1bf 1a086e7c .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/04/18 08:12 openbsd a9044055e1bf 1a086e7c .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/04/13 14:34 openbsd ef90b149a753 9530ccf9 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/04/09 21:12 openbsd f951d642cc52 4b3d9a38 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/04/09 09:22 openbsd b0cdb9e75fee 4b3d9a38 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/04/08 08:18 openbsd 7ed665c6a362 4b3d9a38 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/04/07 23:39 openbsd 7ed665c6a362 4b3d9a38 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/04/06 04:02 openbsd bc22b0de1984 4b3d9a38 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/04/05 15:24 openbsd c9c58e023502 4b3d9a38 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/04/04 19:24 openbsd c9c58e023502 4b3d9a38 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/04/03 20:05 openbsd a0d451d3ebb4 4b3d9a38 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/04/03 07:25 openbsd de6be2070bf6 4b3d9a38 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/29 05:08 openbsd b39c1312a589 4b3d9a38 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/28 15:55 openbsd 9d790fdba930 4b3d9a38 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/27 20:13 openbsd f3ad7971a235 4b3d9a38 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/27 06:07 openbsd 2f434a4256f3 4b3d9a38 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/26 20:00 openbsd 9c6370df4fcd 4b3d9a38 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/26 09:50 openbsd 84b7e477fd25 c6143aac .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/26 05:49 openbsd 84b7e477fd25 c6143aac .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/26 02:58 openbsd 84b7e477fd25 c6143aac .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/25 21:38 openbsd ee1bf64f5bae 4367a094 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/25 08:34 openbsd 87dc1fa97379 35e4ff71 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/24 07:32 openbsd 2084961b940b baf8bf12 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/24 04:37 openbsd 2084961b940b baf8bf12 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/24 01:57 openbsd 2084961b940b baf8bf12 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/23 12:56 openbsd ccfcb3e6ef18 5e3db351 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/23 08:00 openbsd ccfcb3e6ef18 5b92003d .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/23 05:17 openbsd 33c7e43e4e2f 5b92003d .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/23 03:23 openbsd 33c7e43e4e2f 5b92003d .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/23 00:49 openbsd 33c7e43e4e2f 5b92003d .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/22 20:33 openbsd 33c7e43e4e2f 5b92003d .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/22 16:47 openbsd 67e6794a9e1c 5b92003d .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/22 12:09 openbsd 67e6794a9e1c 5b92003d .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/22 10:43 openbsd 67e6794a9e1c 5b92003d .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/22 03:52 openbsd 8aa14d77a9ab 5b92003d .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/21 22:00 openbsd 8aa14d77a9ab 5b92003d .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/21 16:16 openbsd 8aa14d77a9ab 5b92003d .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/21 08:13 openbsd a71bcab410b6 5b92003d .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/20 21:03 openbsd 65032adb4937 85bf2a64 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/20 09:13 openbsd f53d362946f9 2f245add .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/19 15:06 openbsd e3f28ea82b45 0291cd06 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/18 22:53 openbsd 561bf2d2294a 0199f9a1 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/18 18:47 openbsd 561bf2d2294a 0199f9a1 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2026/03/18 11:14 openbsd 561bf2d2294a 0199f9a1 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-multicore assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
2025/02/08 12:25 openbsd 2347e6edcd5e ef44b750 .config console log report [disk image] [bsd.gdb] [kernel image] ci-openbsd-main assert "refs != ~NUM" failed in kern_synch.c
* Struck through repros no longer work on HEAD.