syzbot


WARNING: refcount bug in sk_common_release (2)

Status: upstream: reported on 2026/04/23 13:23
Subsystems: net
[Documentation on labels]
Reported-by: syzbot+8c9eede336e3a843750e@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
First crash: 28d, last: 8h44m
✨ AI Jobs (1)
ID Workflow Result Correct Bug Created Started Finished Revision Error
6c4727e5-74c0-49d2-9f52-1b53fc0b8e70 assessment-security 💥 WARNING: refcount bug in sk_common_release (2) 2026/05/14 12:03 2026/05/14 12:03 2026/05/14 12:04 6ccb967e465e832a7bfd7a116ad00d52a0923a5d failed to run ["make" "KERNELVERSION=syzkaller" "KERNELRELEASE=syzkaller" "LOCALVERSION=-syzkaller" "-j" "32" "ARCH=x86_64" "CC=ccache clang" "LD=ld.lld" "O=/app/workdir/cache/build/bca8376d052835f86dbca468d993f1637ce5d4b3" "-s" "bzImage" "compile_commands.json"]: exit status 2 Root cause: error: unable to open output file 'drivers/pci/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.o': 'No such file or directory' error: unable to open output file 'kernel/printk/printk.o': 'No such file or directory' error: unable to open output file 'security/integrity/iint.o': 'No such file or directory' * * Restart config... * * * General architecture-dependent options * SMT (Hyperthreading) scheduler support (SCHED_SMT) [Y/?] y Cluster scheduler support (SCHED_CLUSTER) [Y/n/?] y Multi-Core Cache (MC) scheduler support (SCHED_MC) [Y/n/?] y Kprobes (KPROBES) [N/y/?] n Optimize very unlikely/likely branches (JUMP_LABEL) [Y/n/?] y Static key selftest (STATIC_KEYS_SELFTEST) [N/y/?] n Static call selftest (STATIC_CALL_SELFTEST) [N/y/?] n Enable seccomp to safely execute untrusted bytecode (SECCOMP) [Y/n/?] y Show seccomp filter cache status in /proc/pid/seccomp_cache (SECCOMP_CACHE_DEBUG) [N/y/?] n Stack Protector buffer overflow detection (STACKPROTECTOR) [Y/n/?] y Strong Stack Protector (STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG) [Y/n/?] y Link Time Optimization (LTO) > 1. None (LTO_NONE) choice[1]: 1 Enable Clang's AutoFDO build (EXPERIMENTAL) (AUTOFDO_CLANG) [N/y/?] (NEW) Error in reading or end of file. Enable Clang's Propeller build (PROPELLER_CLANG) [N/y/?] (NEW) Error in reading or end of file. Use Kernel Control Flow Integrity (kCFI) (CFI) [N/y/?] (NEW) Error in reading or end of file. Number of bits to use for ASLR of mmap base address (ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS) [28] 28 Number of bits to use for ASLR of mmap base address for compatible applications (ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS) [8] 8 MMU page size > 1. 4KiB pages (PAGE_SIZE_4KB) choice[1]: 1 Provide system calls for 32-bit time_t (COMPAT_32BIT_TIME) [Y/n/?] y Use a virtually-mapped stack (VMAP_STACK) [Y/n/?] y Support for randomizing kernel stack offset on syscall entry (RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET) [Y/n/?] y Default state of kernel stack offset randomization (RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET_DEFAULT) [N/y/?] n Locking event counts collection (LOCK_EVENT_COUNTS) [N/y/?] n * * Memory initialization * Initialize kernel stack variables at function entry 1. no automatic stack variable initialization (weakest) (INIT_STACK_NONE) 2. pattern-init everything (strongest) (INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN) > 3. zero-init everything (strongest and safest) (INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO) choice[1-3?]: 3 Poison kernel stack before returning from syscalls (KSTACK_ERASE) [N/y/?] (NEW) Error in reading or end of file. Enable heap memory zeroing on allocation by default (INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON) [Y/n/?] y Enable heap memory zeroing on free by default (INIT_ON_FREE_DEFAULT_ON) [N/y/?] n Enable register zeroing on function exit (ZERO_CALL_USED_REGS) [N/y/?] n * * Kernel hardening options * Randomize layout of sensitive kernel structures > 1. Disable structure layout randomization (RANDSTRUCT_NONE) 2. Fully randomize structure layout (RANDSTRUCT_FULL) (NEW) choice[1-2?]: Error in reading or end of file. /app/workdir/cache/src/190fdeafad346ca29155c808bb38a4427cd79c09/lib/maple_tree.c:3514:20: warning: stack frame size (2424) exceeds limit (2048) in 'mas_wr_store_entry' [-Wframe-larger-than] 3514 | static inline void mas_wr_store_entry(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas) | ^ 1 warning generated. /app/workdir/cache/src/190fdeafad346ca29155c808bb38a4427cd79c09/sound/usb/mixer_s1810c.c:634:5: warning: stack frame size (2360) exceeds limit (2048) in 'snd_sc1810_init_mixer' [-Wframe-larger-than] 634 | int snd_sc1810_init_mixer(struct usb_mixer_interface *mixer) | ^ 1 warning generated. fatal error: error in backend: IO failure on output stream: No space left on device PLEASE submit a bug report to https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/ and include the crash backtrace, preprocessed source, and associated run script. Stack dump: 0.
Discussions (1)
Title Replies (including bot) Last reply
[syzbot] [net?] WARNING: refcount bug in sk_common_release (2) 0 (1) 2026/04/23 13:23
Similar bugs (1)
Kernel Title Rank 🛈 Repro Cause bisect Fix bisect Count Last Reported Patched Status
upstream WARNING: refcount bug in sk_common_release net 13 C 9 657d 673d 27/29 fixed on 2024/08/26 12:53

Sample crash report:
------------[ cut here ]------------
refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.
WARNING: lib/refcount.c:28 at refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x130 lib/refcount.c:28, CPU#0: syz.0.2158/13347
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 13347 Comm: syz.0.2158 Tainted: G             L      syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [L]=SOFTLOCKUP
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x130 lib/refcount.c:28
Code: cc e8 b0 3a 0f fd 48 8d 3d 49 e7 e8 0b 67 48 0f b9 3a e8 9f 3a 0f fd 5b 5d e9 d8 66 94 06 e8 93 3a 0f fd 48 8d 3d 3c e7 e8 0b <67> 48 0f b9 3a e8 82 3a 0f fd 5b 5d c3 cc cc cc cc e8 76 3a 0f fd
RSP: 0018:ffffc90005aef120 EFLAGS: 00010293
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff88802f52f780 RCX: ffffffff84f963bb
RDX: ffff88805a3b2500 RSI: ffffffff84f9644d RDI: ffffffff90e24b90
RBP: 0000000000000003 R08: 0000000000000005 R09: 0000000000000004
R10: 0000000000000003 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff88802f52f780
R13: ffffffff8a055e40 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000018
FS:  00007f7de86fc6c0(0000) GS:ffff8880d6370000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: fffffffffffffff8 CR3: 0000000058398000 CR4: 0000000000352ef0
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 __refcount_sub_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:400 [inline]
 __refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:432 [inline]
 refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:450 [inline]
 sock_put include/net/sock.h:2009 [inline]
 sk_common_release+0x260/0x370 net/core/sock.c:4024
 inet_release+0xed/0x200 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:442
 __sock_release net/socket.c:722 [inline]
 sock_release+0x91/0x1c0 net/socket.c:750
 rxe_release_udp_tunnel drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_net.c:294 [inline]
 rxe_sock_put+0xae/0x130 drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_net.c:639
 rxe_net_del+0x83/0x120 drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_net.c:660
 rxe_dellink+0x15/0x20 drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe.c:254
 nldev_dellink+0x289/0x3c0 drivers/infiniband/core/nldev.c:1849
 rdma_nl_rcv_msg+0x392/0x6f0 drivers/infiniband/core/netlink.c:195
 rdma_nl_rcv_skb.constprop.0.isra.0+0x2cb/0x410 drivers/infiniband/core/netlink.c:239
 netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1318 [inline]
 netlink_unicast+0x585/0x850 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1344
 netlink_sendmsg+0x8b0/0xda0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1894
 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:787 [inline]
 __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:802 [inline]
 ____sys_sendmsg+0x9e1/0xb70 net/socket.c:2698
 ___sys_sendmsg+0x190/0x1e0 net/socket.c:2752
 __sys_sendmsg+0x170/0x220 net/socket.c:2784
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x10b/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f7de779ce59
Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48
RSP: 002b:00007f7de86fc028 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f7de7a16090 RCX: 00007f7de779ce59
RDX: 0000000000000004 RSI: 0000200000004680 RDI: 0000000000000006
RBP: 00007f7de7832d6f R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f7de7a16128 R14: 00007f7de7a16090 R15: 00007ffe6754a318
 </TASK>
----------------
Code disassembly (best guess):
   0:	cc                   	int3
   1:	e8 b0 3a 0f fd       	call   0xfd0f3ab6
   6:	48 8d 3d 49 e7 e8 0b 	lea    0xbe8e749(%rip),%rdi        # 0xbe8e756
   d:	67 48 0f b9 3a       	ud1    (%edx),%rdi
  12:	e8 9f 3a 0f fd       	call   0xfd0f3ab6
  17:	5b                   	pop    %rbx
  18:	5d                   	pop    %rbp
  19:	e9 d8 66 94 06       	jmp    0x69466f6
  1e:	e8 93 3a 0f fd       	call   0xfd0f3ab6
  23:	48 8d 3d 3c e7 e8 0b 	lea    0xbe8e73c(%rip),%rdi        # 0xbe8e766
* 2a:	67 48 0f b9 3a       	ud1    (%edx),%rdi <-- trapping instruction
  2f:	e8 82 3a 0f fd       	call   0xfd0f3ab6
  34:	5b                   	pop    %rbx
  35:	5d                   	pop    %rbp
  36:	c3                   	ret
  37:	cc                   	int3
  38:	cc                   	int3
  39:	cc                   	int3
  3a:	cc                   	int3
  3b:	e8 76 3a 0f fd       	call   0xfd0f3ab6

Crashes (8):
Time Kernel Commit Syzkaller Config Log Report Syz repro C repro VM info Assets (help?) Manager Title
2026/05/14 20:06 upstream 66182ca873a4 6ccb967e .config console log report info [disk image (non-bootable)] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-qemu-upstream WARNING: refcount bug in sk_common_release
2026/05/06 12:56 upstream 74fe02ce122a 23ad3581 .config console log report info [disk image (non-bootable)] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-qemu-upstream WARNING: refcount bug in sk_common_release
2026/05/04 05:01 upstream f377d0025eb0 a0d91488 .config console log report info [disk image (non-bootable)] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-qemu-upstream WARNING: refcount bug in sk_common_release
2026/05/04 00:35 upstream f377d0025eb0 a0d91488 .config console log report info [disk image (non-bootable)] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-qemu-upstream WARNING: refcount bug in sk_common_release
2026/04/23 12:31 upstream 2a4c0c11c019 b10da5ec .config console log report info [disk image (non-bootable)] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-qemu-upstream WARNING: refcount bug in sk_common_release
2026/05/21 05:16 upstream df685633c3db 41b8c833 .config console log report info [disk image (non-bootable)] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-qemu-upstream-386 WARNING: refcount bug in sk_common_release
2026/05/10 15:13 upstream 1bfaee9d3351 29233ece .config console log report info [disk image (non-bootable)] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-qemu-upstream-386 WARNING: refcount bug in sk_common_release
2026/04/26 15:13 upstream 897d54018cc9 9c2d0995 .config console log report info [disk image (non-bootable)] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-qemu-upstream-386 WARNING: refcount bug in sk_common_release
* Struck through repros no longer work on HEAD.