WARNING: refcount bug in zcrx_unregister_user

Status: upstream: reported syz repro on 2026/08/12 00:22
Subsystems: io-uring net
Labels: prio:normal
[Documentation on labels]
Reported-by: syzbot+a43f81e0646c5bbd2b88@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
First crash: 6d09h, last: 6d02h
✨ AI Jobs (1)
ID Workflow Result Correct Bug Created Started Finished Revision
50af68b1 assessment-security DenialOfService: ✅ Exploitable: ✅ FilesystemTrigger: ❌ NetworkTrigger: ❌ PeripheralTrigger: ❌ RemoteTrigger: ❌ Unprivileged: ❌ UserNamespace: ❌ VMGuestTrigger: ❌ VMHostTrigger: ❌ WARNING: refcount bug in zcrx_unregister_user 2026/08/09 03:49 2026/08/09 03:49 2026/08/09 04:45 5d63f80b
Discussions (1)
Title Replies (including bot) Last reply
[syzbot] [io-uring?] [net?] WARNING: refcount bug in zcrx_unregister_user 2 (5) 2026/08/12 10:36
Last patch testing requests (2)
Created Duration User Patch Repo Result
2026/08/12 09:34 35m eadavis@qq.com patch linux-next OK job log log
2026/08/12 04:42 31m eadavis@qq.com patch linux-next OK job log log

Sample crash report:
------------[ cut here ]------------
refcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.
WARNING: lib/refcount.c:31 at refcount_warn_saturate+0x70/0x110 lib/refcount.c:31, CPU#0: syz.0.17/5808
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 5808 Comm: syz.0.17 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/24/2026
RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x70/0x110 lib/refcount.c:31
Code: c6 c0 fe 36 8f e8 90 e5 ee fc 83 fb 01 7e 22 83 fb 02 74 39 83 fb 03 74 47 83 fb 04 75 68 e8 f7 df ee fc 48 8d 3d b0 16 8b 0b <67> 48 0f b9 3a eb 66 85 db 74 3e 83 fb 01 75 4c e8 db df ee fc 48
RSP: 0018:ffffc900032d78c8 EFLAGS: 00010293
RAX: ffffffff84d8a429 RBX: 0000000000000004 RCX: ffff888032abddc0
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff8f36fec0 RDI: ffffffff9063bae0
RBP: ffffc900032d7a10 R08: ffff888032abddc0 R09: 0000000000000005
R10: 0000000000000004 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff8880353d2700
R13: dffffc0000000000 R14: ffff8880353d2744 R15: 0000000000000001
FS:  00005555674e4500(0000) GS:ffff888124f12000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000200000002020 CR3: 0000000079e90000 CR4: 00000000003526f0
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 __refcount_dec include/linux/refcount.h:461 [inline]
 refcount_dec include/linux/refcount.h:476 [inline]
 ref_tracker_free+0x706/0x830 lib/ref_tracker.c:303
 netdev_tracker_free include/linux/netdevice.h:4545 [inline]
 netdev_put include/linux/netdevice.h:4562 [inline]
 io_close_queue io_uring/zcrx.c:582 [inline]
 zcrx_unregister_user+0x2d8/0x430 io_uring/zcrx.c:681
 zcrx_unregister io_uring/zcrx.c:688 [inline]
 io_register_zcrx+0x875/0xc00 io_uring/zcrx.c:1021
 __io_uring_register io_uring/register.c:942 [inline]
 __do_sys_io_uring_register io_uring/register.c:1040 [inline]
 __se_sys_io_uring_register+0xc23/0x1ab0 io_uring/register.c:1017
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:61 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x166/0x510 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:84
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7fa6a959e0d9
Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48
RSP: 002b:00007ffe56af7168 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000001ab
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fa6a9825fa0 RCX: 00007fa6a959e0d9
RDX: 0000200000000100 RSI: 0000000000000020 RDI: 0000000000000003
RBP: 00007fa6a9635024 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007fa6a9825fac R14: 00007fa6a9825fa0 R15: 00007fa6a9825fa0
 </TASK>
----------------
Code disassembly (best guess), 5 bytes skipped:
   0:	e8 90 e5 ee fc       	call   0xfceee595
   5:	83 fb 01             	cmp    $0x1,%ebx
   8:	7e 22                	jle    0x2c
   a:	83 fb 02             	cmp    $0x2,%ebx
   d:	74 39                	je     0x48
   f:	83 fb 03             	cmp    $0x3,%ebx
  12:	74 47                	je     0x5b
  14:	83 fb 04             	cmp    $0x4,%ebx
  17:	75 68                	jne    0x81
  19:	e8 f7 df ee fc       	call   0xfceee015
  1e:	48 8d 3d b0 16 8b 0b 	lea    0xb8b16b0(%rip),%rdi        # 0xb8b16d5
* 25:	67 48 0f b9 3a       	ud1    (%edx),%rdi <-- trapping instruction
  2a:	eb 66                	jmp    0x92
  2c:	85 db                	test   %ebx,%ebx
  2e:	74 3e                	je     0x6e
  30:	83 fb 01             	cmp    $0x1,%ebx
  33:	75 4c                	jne    0x81
  35:	e8 db df ee fc       	call   0xfceee015
  3a:	48                   	rex.W

Crashes (7):
Time Kernel Commit Syzkaller Config Log Report Syz repro C repro VM info Assets (help?) Manager Title
2026/08/07 20:48 linux-next ea2bff00da89 e4ef95d6 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-linux-next-kasan-gce-root WARNING: refcount bug in zcrx_unregister_user
2026/08/07 19:47 linux-next ea2bff00da89 e4ef95d6 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-linux-next-kasan-gce-root WARNING: refcount bug in zcrx_unregister_user
2026/08/07 18:37 linux-next ea2bff00da89 e4ef95d6 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-linux-next-kasan-gce-root WARNING: refcount bug in zcrx_unregister_user
2026/08/07 17:48 linux-next ea2bff00da89 e4ef95d6 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-linux-next-kasan-gce-root WARNING: refcount bug in zcrx_unregister_user
2026/08/07 16:49 linux-next ea2bff00da89 e4ef95d6 .config console log report syz / log [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-linux-next-kasan-gce-root WARNING: refcount bug in zcrx_unregister_user
2026/08/07 14:23 linux-next ea2bff00da89 e4ef95d6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-linux-next-kasan-gce-root WARNING: refcount bug in zcrx_unregister_user
2026/08/07 14:23 linux-next ea2bff00da89 e4ef95d6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-linux-next-kasan-gce-root WARNING: refcount bug in zcrx_unregister_user
* Struck through repros no longer work on HEAD.